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| Question | Answer |
| Where are the instructions of each trait found? | Chromosomes |
| Where are chromosomes found? | In the nuclei of cells |
| The DNA on chromosomes is arranged in sections that control the production of __________ | Proteins |
| What are the DNA sections called? | Genes |
| Each chromosome has about how many genes? | 1500 |
| How many chromosomes does the human body have? | 46 |
| How many chromosomes do you get from your father and how many from your mother? | 23 from each |
| Do chromosomes come in pairs? yes or no | yes |
| About how many genes do humans have? | If you have 46 chromosomes, and each chromosome has about 1500 genes. Then 46x1500= |
| The chromosomes that make up a pair, one from each parent, are called what? | Homologous chromosomes |
| Fill in the blank: Homologous chromosomes are the same _____ and have the centromere in _____ place. | length and same |
| The homologous chromomoses also carry _____ for the same traits at the same time. | Genes |
| Homologous chromosomes are similar but not | Identical |
| The number of chromosomes does or does not change from generation to generation. | Does not. You have the same number of chromosomes as your parents. |
| What are Gametes? | Sex cells |
| Gametes have half the number of chromosomes to ensure that chromosome numbers stays the same. True or false. | True. |
| The symbol n represents the number of chromosomes. | In humans n=23 |
| A cell with n number of chromosomes is called a? | Haploid |
| Gametes are what type of cells? | Haploid |
| The process in which one haploid gamete joins with another haploid gamete is called? | Fertilization |
| After fertilization, the cell has ____n chromomoses. | 2n |
| After fertilization, the cell has 2n chromosomes- n chromosome from the ______parent plus n chromosome from the _____parent. | Female and Male |
| what is a cell with 2n chromosome called? | A diploid cell |
| During mitosis, the chromosome cells stays the same or change. which one? | Stays the same. |
| Because sex cells need half the number of chromosomes, a differnt process of cell division is needed. what is the process called? | Meiosis |
| What is the process of cell division called that reduces the number of chromosomes by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes? | Meiosis |
| Where does meiosis take place? | In the reproductive organs of plans and animals. |
| During meiosis there are two cell divisions. What are they? | Meiosis I and Meiosis II |
| Before a cell goes through meiosis it goes through? | Interphase I |
| What happens to a cell during interphase I? | A cell in interphase carries out a variety of metabolic functions, copies DNA, and makes proteins. |
| Meiosis I begins with? | Phophase I |
| What happens during prophase I? | Chromosomes are replicated, consisting of two sister chromatids. Then the chromosomes become visible under the light of a microscope. |
| In prophase I the cells begin to form homologous pairs in a process called? | Synapsis |
| During synapsis, the chromosomes often swap pieces of DNA. This process is called? | Crossing over. Crossing over leads to genetic diversity. |
| How does crossing over occur? | This is when one section of chromosome changes place with a section of its homologous chromosome. |
| During crossing over, where do the centrioles mover to? | To the opposite poles of the cell |
| What happens during metaphase I? | The pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. |
| What happens during anaphase I? | Each homologous chromosome is guided by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles of the cell. At this time the chromosome numbers are reduced from 2n to n. |
| During meiosis I, do the sister chromatids split? yes or no | No. |
| What is the final stage of Meiosis I? | Telophase i |
| What happens during telophase i? | The homologous chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell. |
| At the end of telophase I the cell under goes what? | Cytokinesis |
| What is cytokinesis? | The division of the cell into two. |
| Is the DNA copied during interphase? | No. |
| What are the phases of meiosis I | 1.Interphase 2. Prophase I 3.Metaphase I 4. Anaphase I 5. Telaphase I |
| Now that meiosis I is complete, to complete meiosis, the cell must now undergo? | Meiosis II |
| What events occur during meiosis II? | Metaphase II- haploid chromosomes line up near the center of cell by spindle fibers Anaphase II-sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromeres Telophase II- chromosomes reac the poles Cytokenisis, or cell division occurs |
| What is the results of meiosis? | The results is four haploid cells, each with n number of chromosomes |
| Name the phases of Meiosis II. | Phropase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Final Product |
| What is the major difference between mitosis and meiosis? | Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four different haploid daughter cells |
| Number of cell divisions in mitosis is? | one |
| Number of cell divisions in meiosis is? | two |
| synapsis of homologous chromosomes in mitosis does or does not occur? | does not occur |
| sypnasis of homologous chromosomess in meiosis does or does not occur? | occurs during prophase I |
| In mitosis, how many identical diploid cells are produced? | two |
| In meiosis, how many nonidentical haploid cells are produced? | four |
| what are the types of cells produced in mitosis? | body cells |
| what are types of cells produced in meiosis? | reproductive cells |
| what is the purpose of mitosis? | for growth and repair body tissues |
| what is the purpose of meiosis? | for production of gametes for sexual reproduction |
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