6613178
Description
Flashcards by Layla Ahmed, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Layla Ahmed
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is DNA? | What chromosomes are made out of. Carries genetic information: controls the activities of cells by providing instructions for making proteins. Every nucleated cell in your body contains DNA. |
| What was the Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase Experiment? | They inserted radioisotopes of Sulfur-35 and Phosphorus-32 into the protein/DNA of a bacteriophage. They figures out that the phages inserted their DNA into cells, not their proteins; so DNA carried genetic information. |
| What components of DNA did Levene discover? | He discovered that DNA had three main components: a pentose sugar (a cyclic, 5-carbon sugar) a phosphate group that has a negative charge a nitrogenous base Together, the three components are called a nucleotide. |
| What is a nucleotide? | The repeating unit in DNA; it comprises a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group (PO4), and one of the four nitrogenous bases |
| What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA? | Adenine, Thymine (Pyrimidines), Cytosine & Guanine (Purines). |
| What did Edwin Chargaff figure out? | That adenine is equal to thymine, and cytosine is equal to guanine. |
| What did crystollographer Rosalind Franklin figure out? | These patterns indicated DNA was like a coil. The DNA molecule had a constant diameter of 2 nm. It did not get wider or narrower in some parts of the molecule. |
| What did Crick & Watson figure out? | That the shape of the DNA is a double helix, and that Adenine & Thymine fit together, as well as Cytosine & Guanine. |
| What hydrogen bonds do the bases share? | A-T= 2 Bonds C-S = 3 Bonds |
| What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose? | Deoxyribose had one less oxygen than ribose. |
| What is the genetic code? | The sequence of bases in DNA. |
| How many bases do you need to make an amino acids? | 3 bases (a triplet). |
| What bases are used to code for Valine? Alanine? | C-A-T = Valine C-G-A = Alanine These are called 'triplet codes' |
| What do proteins do? | They are created by a chain of amino acids and create cell structures and enzymes, which determine which reactions took place. |
| What is the complementary strand of A-T-C-G-A-G-T-T-G ? | T-A-G-C-T-C-A-A-C |
| What is a gene? | A segment of DNA that controls the production of a protein. |
| Breakdown of DNA. | DNA Is made up of nucleotides, which uses triplets sequencing to make amino acids, which make proteins & enzymes which make the cells do their stuff. |
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