Flashcards
DNA Structure & Proteins.
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1What is DNA?What chromosomes are made out of. Carries genetic information: controls the
activities of cells by providing instructions for making proteins. Every nucleated cell in your body contains DNA. - 2What was the Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase Experiment?They inserted radioisotopes of Sulfur-35 and Phosphorus-32 into the protein/DNA of a bacteriophage. They figures out that the phages inserted their DNA into cells, not their proteins; so DNA carried genetic information.
- 3What components of DNA did Levene discover?He discovered that DNA had three main components: a pentose sugar (a cyclic, 5-carbon sugar) a phosphate group that has a negative charge a nitrogenous base
Together, the three components are called a nucleotide. - 4What is a nucleotide?The repeating unit in DNA;
it comprises a deoxyribose sugar, a
phosphate group (PO4), and one of the four nitrogenous bases - 5What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?Adenine, Thymine (Pyrimidines), Cytosine & Guanine (Purines).
- 6What did Edwin Chargaff figure out?That adenine is equal to thymine, and cytosine is equal to guanine.
- 7What did crystollographer Rosalind Franklin figure out?These patterns indicated DNA was like a coil. The DNA molecule had a constant diameter of 2 nm. It did not get wider
or narrower in some parts
of the molecule. - 8What did Crick & Watson figure out?That the shape of the DNA is a double helix, and that Adenine & Thymine fit together, as well as Cytosine & Guanine.
- 9What hydrogen bonds do the bases share?A-T= 2 Bonds
C-S = 3 Bonds - 10What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?Deoxyribose had one less oxygen than ribose.
- 11What is the genetic code?The sequence of bases in DNA.
- 12How many bases do you need to make an amino acids?3 bases (a triplet).
- 13What bases are used to code for Valine? Alanine?C-A-T = Valine
C-G-A = Alanine
These are called 'triplet codes' - 14What do proteins do?They are created by a chain of amino acids and create cell structures and enzymes, which determine which reactions took place.
- 15What is the complementary strand of A-T-C-G-A-G-T-T-G ?T-A-G-C-T-C-A-A-C
- 16What is a gene?A segment of DNA that controls the
production of a protein. - 17Breakdown of DNA.DNA Is made up of nucleotides, which uses triplets sequencing to make amino acids, which make proteins & enzymes which make the cells do their stuff.
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