690451
Description
Flashcards by Luke Davies, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Luke Davies
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Adjacency Pairs | An utterance by one speaker is followed by a reply from another, making an 'adjacent pair'. The first utterance could be a question or a greeting and its content points to the kin of reply expected from the second person |
| Agenda Setting | The 'setting' or choice of a topic for a conversation or interaction |
| Alliteration | The repetition of initial sounds such as in 'Full fathom five thy fathers lies' |
| Ambiguity | The possibility of interpreting written or spoken words in more than one way. Sometimes words are used in an unintentionally ambiguous way, but creative or humorous language can use ambiguity deliberately to achieve particular effects |
| Analogy | Another word for comparison |
| Antithesis | When opposing ideas or images are used for effect |
| Antonym | Word that has the opposite meaning to another |
| Bathos | A change in mood, usually from the serious to the more mundane or trivial |
| Blank Verse | Unrhymed verse that follows a regular metrical pattern - usually 10 syllables to a line, with alternate stressed and unstressed syllables |
| Cadence | Another word for rhythm |
| Caesurae | Pauses within line of verse (singular: Caesura) |
| Collocation | The tendency of writers and speakers to place particular words in proximity with each other |
| Colloquial | Informal language of the kind used in everyday speech |
| Complex | A complex sentence includes one or more subordinate clauses |
| Compound | compound sentence contains more than one clause linked with a connective word |
| Connotative | The emotional individual and expressive meanings of a word or expression; these may not be exactly the same from one person to another |
| Context Dependent | Word choice that varies depending upon the situation |
| Context of Production | The circumstances surrounding the writing or production of the text, These can include the personal situation of the author as well as aspects of the time in which they are writing |
| Declarative Clause | A declarative clause is a statement that forms a section of the sentence |
| Deixis | The use of expressions, typically in conversations, which refer to people, objects or ideas without explicitly naming or identifying them because the participants have shared knowledge |
| Demotic | Everyday, prosaic (ordinary) language |
| Denotative | The literal or core meanings of a word or an expression |
| Diatribe | A bitter condemnatory written or spoken attack, denouncing an idea or person |
| Discourse Marker | Word or phrase that marks the boundary between topics |
| Dramatic Irony | This occurs when characters on stage are unaware of circumstances that the audience are well aware of |
| Dynamic Verb | Verb that refers to a movement or actions, such as run, leap, grasp |
| Elegy | A meditative poem of lament, often commemorating someone's deatj |
| Elision | When sounds are omitted from words or phrases, such as 'don't' instead of 'do not' |
| Ellipsis | The omission of an element of sentence structure. Adjective 'elliptical' |
| Enjambement | The technique of making the sense of a poem continue from one line to the next, creating a feeling of fluidity |
| Etymology | The study of the origins and historical development of word meaning and usage |
| Evaluative | An utterance that reveals attitudes and opinions |
| Exclamative | Phrase or sentence that is an exclamation |
| Expressive | A way of describing an utterance that reveals feelings, such as 'oh, wonderful!' |
| Figurative Language | This extends and alters the literal meaning of words. The purpose of using figurative language in real talk in fiction is to enable us to perceive something more vividly or allow us greater insight into a character or story |
| Foregrounding | Placing a particular word or phrase within a sentence so as to give it special prominence |
| Free Verse | A poem that is not constrained by regular metrical patterns, but is shaped by the speaking voice and points being made |
| Graphology | The study of writing systems, including the use of fonts of different styles and sizes |
| Haiku | A word of Japanese origin that means a poem of three lines and a total of 17 syllables |
| Hyperbole | Exaggeration for effect, such as 'This pudding is sublime' |
| Iambic | An iambic foot consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, shown as u and/ respectively |
| Idiom | Expression that is often informal and figurative and is regularly used by a distinct group of people, which outsiders might have difficulty interpreting at first |
| Imagery | Figurative language used to bring a scene, idea or object to life. It usually involves a comparison between two objects or ideas |
| Imperative | An utterance that has the power of an order, such as 'write that essay now' |
| Intonation | The way in which the rising, falling and level tones of voice create sound patterns in phrases and sentences |
| Irony | When a writer deliberately says one thing and means something else |
| Juxtaposition | The placing together (or in close proximity) of visual or textual elements in order to draw out comparisons or contrasts |
| Linear Narrative | A storyline where events clearly follow in chronological sequence |
| Metre | From the Greek word 'metron', which means measure. The measurement of a line of poetry. Including its length and its number of stresses |
| Minor Sentence | A sentence that contains no main verb |
| Monosyllabic Lexis | Words made up of one syllable |
| Motif | A dominant theme or recurring symbol |
| Narrative | An account where events related (in speech or writing) are connected |
| Narrative Sequence | The order in which a story is told |
| Omniscient Narrator | The storyteller (the author) has a complete knowledge of all characters and all situations. The story is presented using the third person rather than the first person method |
| Onomatopoeia | Words that sound like their meaning, for example 'slush', 'snap' or 'crisp' |
| Oxymoron | An expression that seems contradictory e.g. 'living death' |
| Paralinguistic Feature | Sound that is used in addition to or alongside the language system |
| Parallelism | When similar grammatical constructions are used and placed next to each other (in parallel) |
| Pastiche | An imitation of the style of a text |
| Pentameter | Refers to the number of metrical feet in the line |
| Personification | A type of figurative language when a writer treats an inanimate object or idea as if it were human |
| Phatic talk | Social talk that helps to facilitate interactions |
| Polysyllabic Lexis | Words made up of more than one syllable, such as 'chocolate' or 'catastrophe' |
| Premodifier | In an noun phrase, the Premodifier is the phrase that precedes the noun |
| Register | Variety of language that is used for particular purposes or within a particular social context |
| Repairs and Reformulations | When a speaker makes corrections to their own speech |
| Revenge Tragedy | A play where one or more characters are spurred on by the desire to avenge perceived wrongs that have been committed against them. Their vengeance usually involves much bloodshed |
| Rhetorical Question | Question that expects no answer from the listener or reader. It is often used as part of a persuasive strategy |
| Rhythm | The rhythm of a poem refers to the pulse or beat that the listener perceives |
| Satirical | Writing in a satirical way involves adopting a mocking tone, but with serious undertones |
| Schema | A set of expectations in a given situation |
| Semantics | The study of the system of meanings within a language |
| Simple | A simple sentence contains at least one subject and one verb |
| Sonnet | A traditional poetic form that usually has 14 lines of 10 syllables each, and with a regular rhyming and stress pattern |
| Stanza | Group of lines that forms a unit in a poem (often called a verse) |
| Stress | Emphasis on a syllable or particular word |
| Stressed Syllable | A unit of pronunciation that is emphasised |
| Style | In written text, this is the choice and arrangement of words that create a particular effect |
| Subordinate Clause | A clause that gives additional information to the main clause, and is subordinate to it |
| Syllable | Unit of pronunciation where there is one vowel sound. Monosyllabic words have one syllable |
| Synonym | Word that has the same of very similar meaning to another, such as bucket/pail |
| Syntax | The way which words are arranged to show the meaning |
| Tag Question | A question usually added to a declarative statement to make it interrogative |
| Transactional Talk | Language that is used in 'transactions', such as when you are buying chocolate or arranging for a car service |
| Typography | The style and appearance of the print. This includes the kind of font chosen and its size and arrangement on the page |
| Unstressed Syllable | A unit of pronunciation that is not emphasised |
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