6931519
Description
Flashcards by Mamie Cooper, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mamie Cooper
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How does chemical make up of proteins differ from carbs and fats | Like carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but proteins also contain nitrogen. Amino acid structures have an amino group, an acid group, a hydrogen, and a side chain which makes each amino acid different from the others. |
| Deanimation | The removal of the nitrogen containing amino group converting it to ammonia, which is sent to the liver and converted into urea. |
| Transanimation | Chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids. Convert essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids. |
| Describe how and where proteins are digested. | Stomach: 1. Protein is denatured by the acid in the stomach 2. Gastrin- stimulates and releases acid and pepsin 3. Pepsin: protease breaks down proteins (breaks the protein into smaller poly-peptides) 4. Stomach releases HCL Small Intestine: 1. Release of CCK 2. Intestinal and Pancreatic protease continues to break down proteins 3. Releases into the duodenom 4. Peptides goes to amino acids |
| Describe the fate of amino acids once they are digested and absorbed. | o The bloodstream transports amino acids to all the body’s cells. o Cells of villi have gates through which substances transport the amino acids. o Capillaries carry free amino acids from villi throughout the body. o After absorption, amino acids are used to make proteins |
| List the major functions of protein in the body. | pH balancing Fluid balance Transport Enzymes Hormones Immunity Energy |
| Identify the 2 major forms of protein malnutrition. | o Marasmus (calorie and protein deficiency) o Kwashiorkor (protein poor diet) |
| Discuss reasons why consuming too much protein is not recommended | • lack appropriate amounts of carbohydrate, fiber, and some vitamins/minerals – Could impair exercise performance – Could increase long-term risk of diseases such as colon cancer • Possibly due to lack of fiber or increased intake of red meat • Excessively fatty protein sources could increase risk of cardiovascular disease – • Increased urinary output due to high protein load may increase chances of dehydration |
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