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Description
Flashcards by Ashleigh Gildroy, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ashleigh Gildroy
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Psychology | Psychopathology: Depression (Parks and Rec example) |
| What is depression? (briefly explain) | Depression is a mood disorder which affects an individuals behavour |
| List the two types of depression | 1) Major Depression 2) Manic Depression |
| Define Major depression | An episode of depression that can occur suddenly. It's reactive and can be caused by external factors (Environment) or internal factor (Neurological factors) |
| Provide an Example using Ron Swanson of an external factor causing major depression | His marriages with both Tammy's |
| Define Manic Depression | The alternation between to mood extremes (Mania and depression). Eg feeling really down, then having episodes of over activity, such as rapid speech |
| Explain the difference between major and manic depression | Major depression is an episode of depression in which can occur suddenly, due to external or internal factors. Whereas, manic depression is the alternation between depression and mania (two mood extremes) |
| Outline the four physical symptoms of depression | 1) Sleep Disturbances (Insomnia/hypersomnia) 2) Change in appetite (Eating more or less) 3) Pain (Headaches) 4) Lack of activity (Social withdrawal) |
| Which behavioural symptom does this quote apply to? | Change in appetite |
| Which two behavioural symptoms does this quote apply to? | 1) Change in appetite as his is eating a lot 2) Social Withdrawal as he doesn't want to interact with others. |
| In your opinion, do you think Ron Swanson is Major or Manically depressed? | I believe that Ron is manically depressed as he is often very impolite about people, but eating a lot, but in certain episodes his character is completely altered into an hyperactive fool, which shows mania! |
| List three emotional symptoms: | 1) Extreme feelings of negative emotions 2) Diurnal mood variation 3) Anhedonia |
| Define Anhedonia | No longer enjoying activities in which use to be pleasurable |
| Define Diurnal mood variation | Changes in mood throughout the day |
| List the three cognitive symptoms | 1) Experiencing persistent negative beliefs about themselves and their abilities 2) Suicidal Thoughts 3) Slower thought processing |
| Section 2 | Explaining Depression |
| What is the cognitive view on psychology | That behaviours is controlled by thoughts and beliefs |
| Who proposed the ABC model? | Ellis |
| State what each letter means in Ellis' ABC model | A = Activating event B = Belief (What you think happened) C = Consequences (The consequences of this belief) |
| Give examples of activating events that can lead to depression | 1) Break up 2) Being Fired 3) Expelled 4) Death of a loved one |
| List the two types of beliefs an activating event lead to | 1) Rational Beliefs 2) Irrational Beliefs |
| Define Rational thinking | Thinking sensibly following the activating event about yourself and what to do next |
| Define irrational thinking | Thinking negatively following the activating event about yourself and what to do next |
| If an individual underwent a long term break up, provide examples of rational and irrational beliefs this could lead to | Rational = Plenty more fish in the sea Irrational = Forever alone |
| What is the type of consequence rational beliefs can lead to? | Adaptive consequences (Revising more) |
| What is the type of consequence irrational beliefs can lead to? | Maladaptive consequences (getting depressed and retreating to alcohol) |
| Who invented the negative triad? | Beck |
| According to Beck's 'negative triad', what are the three things we think negatively about which can lead to depression? | 1) Ourselves 2) The world 3) The future |
| Give examples of each part of the 'negative triad' | 1) Themselves (Fail at everything) 2) The world (The world is scary) 3) The Future (Won't be successful) |
| Provide a strength of the cognitive explanation to depression | The cognitive approach offers a useful explanation of depression as it considers factors such as thoughts and beliefs which are a key involvement in the disorder |
| Provide a further strength of the cognitive explanation to depression | Hollon and Kendall developed the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) to measure the negative thinking associated with depression. Later on, Harrell and Ryon used the ATQ to compare negative thinking in 114 depressed and non-depressed participants. Depressed participants scored higher. (Shows there's a correlation) |
| Provide a weakness to the cognitive approach to depression | The individual may feel like they are to blame for their problems, thus resulting in the person to feel worse (Maybe) |
| Section 3 | Treating Depression |
| What is the aim of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy? | To identify and change the patient's faulty cognitions ... To help patients notice negative thoughts when they have them and test how accurate they are |
| Briefly, list the steps during CBT | 1) The therapist helps the patient to identify their faulty cognitions 2) The therapist tries to help the client to see that the irrational thoughts aren't true 3) Together, you set yourself goals to think in rational ways |
| True or False: The Therapist can sometimes encourage you to keep a diary, so you can record your thought patterns, feelings and actions | True! |
| Provide a strength of CBT (Ethics) | Overall, there are fewer ethical issues as it aims to empower patients. It tries to put patients in charge of their own treatment by teaching them self-help strategies. |
| Provide a further strength of CBT (DeRubeis et al) | DeRubeis et al compared CBT and drug therapy to the placebo in terms of effectiveness for treating depression. They found that both the drug and cognitive behaviour therapy were more effective than the placebo |
| Provide a weakness of DeRubeis et al's study on CBT | Drug Therapy was more effective than CBT. In certain cases, therapists lacked experience, thus resulting in the treatment not having a strong effect. On the contrary, drug therapy arguably doesn't require in maintaining as many extraneous variables, making it more effective. |
| Provide a strength of DeRubeis et al's study on CBT | Hollon et al compared participants from DeRubeis study after they were withdrawn from treatment (CBT and Drug Therapy), with participants who continued drug treatment. In the long term, those who were withdrawn from CBT were less likely to have relapsed after one year than those who were withdrawn from drug treatment. |
| Provide a final strength of CBT (Brandsma et al) | Brandsma et al found that CBT is particularly effective for people who put a lot of pressure on themselves and feel guilty about being inadequate. |
| Provide a weakness of CBT (Practicality) | Cognitive therapies may take a long time and can be costly. Although, it may be more effective when used with other therapies, such as Drug Therapy. However, this will only add up costs. |
| Provide a final weakness of CBT (Ethics) | Rather than empowering the patient, it may only add pressure and make themselves feel as though they are to blame. |
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