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Description
Flashcards by Shareef Akbari, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Shareef Akbari
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why do humans have such a high population density compared to what our body size says we should have? | Humans are able to structure society in a way that allows us to avoid the things that normally reduce population density. |
| What is Malthus' simplistic view as to why human populations will crash? What's the problem with this view? | Population increases exponentially, resources increase linearly. It doesn't take into account technology which can increase resource availability. |
| Why have human populations increased by a massive amount even though recently land used for agriculture has barely increased? | While land used for agriculture has only increased a small amount, agricultural efficiency has increased by a large margin. |
| What are the two reasons for rapid human population growth? | 1. Rapid decrease in mortality with no decrease in birth rates 2. Decrease in infectious diseases |
| Describe the 5 stages of the demographic transition model in terms of birth and death rates. | 1. Pre-modern: High birth and death rates 2. Industrialization: High birth rates but death rates decrease 3. Mature industrialization: low death rates, birth rates decrease 4. Post industrial: Low birth and death rates. |
| What are the three factors that affect birth rates. | 1. Per capita GDP 2. Income inequality 3. Education of women |
| What is an ecological footprint? | The area of productive land required to support 1 person with resources to sustain their affluence. |
| What is the equation for environmental impact? | I=PAT I= impact P= population number A = Affluence T = technology |
| What are the three types of environmental scarcity? How do they arise? | 1. Demand-induced scarcity: result of high population number. 2. Supply-induced scarcity: result of degradation of resources 3. Structural scarcity: result of unequal distributions of wealth. |
| Have humans exceeded their carrying capacity? | Probably. |
| Why doesn't the optimistic guess of human carrying capacity make sense? | Doesn't take into account equity, economic level, stability or biological impacts. |
| What is the living planet index? | The measure of the state of the world's biological diversity based on vertebrate population trends. |
| Organisms must _____ or ______ due to climate change. | 1. Move 2. Die |
| What are the 3 changes that climate change causes? | 1. Range shifts 2. Phenological shifts 3. Change in ecological interactions |
| What is phenology? | Study of periodic plant and animal lifecycle events |
| Why does range expansion? | It happens due to a reduction in climate related barriers along poleward margins. Can also occur along equator-ward margins caused by the imposition of intolerable climates. |
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