Sociology Chapter 4

Question	Answer
What is social interaction?	the process by which people act and react in relations to others
What is social status?	Recognized social position that individuals occupy within a society
What is status set?	.All status that you hold at any given time .It is part of our social identity and declines our relationships to others .It changes over life course
What is an ascribed status?	.It's given to you, you don't have a choice to choose them .Got it at birth or it was your parents status so you got it involuntarily later in life .Ex:sex,race,social class,age
What is achieved status?	.Social position that a person takes voluntarily .Status that you hold by virtu of your own efforts or behaviour such as being a graduate or computer programmer .Doesn't have to be positive-High school dropout, convicted felon, drug dealer
What is a master status?	.Special importance for social identity, shaping a persons entire life .What people identify the most to you .Ex convicted felon-master status .Can be a name ex: Trudeau .Trait that overshadows everything else
What is a social role?	.Behavioural expectations, obligations, privileges associated with a status-what's expected of us
What is role set?	.Combo of distinct roles expected of 1 person w/in 1 complex status .# of roles attached to one's status .Ex: role set of uni prof-researcher, teacher, spokesperson
What is role strain?	.Problems associated with role and set .Attached to a specific status .W/in 1 status they may be conflicted which you will have to deal w/ .Tension among role connected to single status .Sit in which role expectations within one status are incompatible and clash
What is role conflict?	.Problem associated w/ roles in one's status set -Conflict among the roles connected to 2 or more statuses -Sit in which 2 or more roles of different statuses are incompatible and clash
What is role set?	.Process of disengaging from a role attached to a significant status .Process of becoming an ex
What is the social construction of reality?	.Process by which people creatively influence & shape reality through their social interactions in everyday life -We present ourselves in terms that suit the setting & our purposes, reality takes shapes -Social structures(status & role) guide us but don't determine individual behaviour
What is the process in W.I.Thomas Definition of the situation?	1.Define the situation that we are in 2. Think of appropriate behaviour 3. Decide how we will act in this situation -We evaluate situations due to socialization
What it the Thomas Theorem?	.Situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences -Focuses on outcome of defining sit for ind, even groups & organizations -When u think something is real, the consequences of that thing will be real -It doesn't matter if it's real people will believe it
What is street smarts?	.Ability to actively manipulate others def of sit to one's own adv, convincing someone that he is wrong .Form of constructing reality, sit reveals drama by which humans creatively build everyday reality, not everyone enters w/ = standing
What is ethnomethodology?	.The study of the methods and routines of everyday life, how ppl make sense of and give order to their everyday lives .Smooth social interaction depends on shared assumptions & cooperation .EX: classmate asks for pen
What shapes reality?	-Social interactions -How we act & see our surroundings -significant events, our surrounding culture
What is the Dramaturgical Analysis by Erving Goffman?	.The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance -Understanding & analyze the world around you like if it were a play -Related to presentation of self in everyday life,impression management
What role does idealization play in the Dramaturgical Analysis?	-credible performance -minimizing/hiding flaws -providing justifications to explain questionable behaviour:twisting reality of things -role embracement, best player of the role, role to the max, in your best ability
What role does flawed performance play in the Dramaturgical Analysis?	-Embarrassment: notice flaw, e will stop your performance -Tact: what happens from p.o.v of audience, do mistake & they'll pretend nothing happened -Role distancing: distancing you away from the role, not playing to the fullest, idea that sometimes we don't do our best in a role
What is territoriality?	.Feelings/behaviour related to rights of ownership & privacy of a particular place/area ex: your yard that's protected by a fence
What is personal space?	.The area around one's body that can make some claim to privacy
What's public distance?	.Giving a performance at a show, a presentation, has a couple of feet separating 2 ppl
What's social distance?	.During an interview, formal conversation, those who are not very personal
What's personal distance?	.With friends & family, engage in a convo
What's intimate distance?	.Private, w/ very close people such as a lover -Less than an arm length away
Size of zones may differ according to ...?	-Gender relations -Social status -Ethnic subculture-related to folkways-touch -Available space-sociocultural and situational aspects
What is the presentation of self?	.Person's efforts to create specific impressions in minds of others -impression management-beg w/ idea of personal performance
What is nonverbal communication?	.C using body movement, gestures & facial expressions rather than speed -facial-smiling-pleasure -eye-contact-invite social interaction
What is demeanour?	.Way we act & carry ourselves-clue to social power -powerful ppl enjoy more personal freedom in how the act ex: feet on desk acceptable for boss not employees -b/c we pos of power, D=gender issue
What is social media?	.Technology that links ppl in social activity, connects larger # of ppl s. have same interests
Who is Harold Garfinkel?	.Created ethnomethodology in order to be more aware of social world
Who is Angelo Baldovino?	.Although behaviour-guided by status & role we have ability to shape who we are & to guide what happens from moment to moment -"Reality not as fixed as we may think"
Who are Peter Berger & Thomas Cuckman?	.Foundation of symbolic-interaction A. -Reality-unclear in everyone's mind, esp in unfamiliar sit's present ourselves in terms that suit setting & our purposes-try to guide what happens next & reality takes shape -Social interaction-complex neg that builds reality
Who is Erving Goffman?	.Analyzed social interaction ex:way ppl live their lives much like actors performing on stage -suggest we construct perf to idealize our intentions -try to convince others/us what we do reflects ideal cultural standards rather than selfish motives -emb-"losing face" tact "save face" .His research shows beh's spontaneous, more patterned than we like to think

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