730091
Description
Flashcards by lobatomichaela, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lobatomichaela
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Describe the sympatho-medullary pathway | An acute stressor stimulates the hypothalamus which then sends a signal down the sympathetic branch of the ANS which then stimulates the adrenal medulla to release noradrenaline and adrenaline to prepare for fight or flight eg increased heart rate. |
| Describe the pituitary-adrenal system | A chronic stressor stimulates the hypothalamus to alert the pituitary gland, which then releases ACTH into the bloodstream which travels to the adrenal cortex. It then releases cortisol which suppresses the immune system. |
| Describe Kiecolt Glaser et al study into stress related illness and the immune system | AIM: to see if natural stressors could lower the immune system and make people ill Procedure: Blood samples from 75 1st yr medical students. Volunteered. Sample taken month before (baseline) and on day of exam (stress sample). They looked at NK cell activity. Findings: IS was lowered following exam. NK cell activity reduced in stress samples compared to baseline. Highest reductions in samples of higher levels of isolation. Also a questionnaire about stressful life events found those were especially weak in who were experiencing this. Conclusion: natural stressor(exam) reduces immune function, vulnerable to infections and those who experienced more stress in their lives were more likely to get ill. |
| Evaluate Kiecolt Glaser's study into stress related illness and the immune system | Data is objective - no demand characteristics of bias High eco validity - natural stressor, can generalise Practical applications However, it was a correlation analysis - cannot establish C+E. |
| Describe Cohen et al's study into the immune system | Aim: wanted to measure the effect of stress on the IS. Procedure: Used 154 men and 266 women. Measured by a life event scale measuring previous year, scale assessing percieved level of stress and a scale measuring anxiety and depression. Scores combined to give score per person. RP's given nose drops with common cold in it. Observed for 6 days to see who developed a cold. Findings: Those with high stress score had higher chance of getting cold. Conclusion: Stress increases vulnerability to infections |
| Evaluate Cohen et al's study into the immune system | Memory is unreliable - life events scale, socially desirable answers which then questions internal validity. Ethics - protection of participants, common cold, HOWEVER applications outweigh the ethical issues. |
| Describe research into stress in everyday life life changes and daily hassles - Holmes and Rahe | Aim: To test that life changes cause illnesses such as anxiety and depression Procedure: SRRS given, ticked the events they experienced over 2 years, more serious events eg death of spouse had higher scores (100). An LCU was given (an overall stress score calculated by all the values up). RP's then noted any ilnesses they had following the event. Findings: The higher the score, the more stress-related health problems experienced. |
| Evaluate Holmes and Rahe and the SRRS | SRRS age biased. Questions eg marital separation not applicable to all ages. Lacks validity Questionnaire- lacks internal validity due to demand characteristics |
| Supporting research into life events and stress - Rahe et al | Aim: link between LCUs and illness Procedure: 2700 male us navy personnel. Military version of SRRS over past 6 months. Illness score then given due to number of illnesses Findings: Positive correlation between LCU and correlation. Conclusion: Higher stress score = more illnesses suffered. |
| STRESS PSYA2 |
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STRESS (image/jpg)
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| Evaluate Holmes and Rahe (SRRS) | Age biased due to questions eg marital separation don't apply to all ages. Questionnaire - lacks internal validity due to demand characteristics. |
| Evaluate supporting research - Rahe et al | Correlation analysis only found a weak correlation. Also you can't establish C+E Only tested males so you cannot generalise Lacks ecological validity |
| Describe the Hassles and Uplifts Scale - Delongis et al | HSUP measures attitudes about daily situations defined as hassles and uplifts. Comfortable way of assessing life events on person's daily life. |
| Describe research into daily hassles using the HSUP - Bouteyre et al | Aim: relationship between daily hassles and mental health Procedure: French psychology students on transition from school to uni. Completed HSUP and the Beck depression inventory. Findings: students more depressed during 1st term and it positively correlated with scores on the hassles scale. Conclusion: Daily hassles important factor explaining why people experience stress. |
| Evaluate Delongis et al - The Hassles and Uplifts Scale | Reliability questioned as it depends on your mood that day and what has happened that day. Takes individual differences into account unlike the SRRS |
| Evaluate research into the HSUP - Bouteyre et al | More age appropriate than Holmes and Rahe SRRS. Applications, make people more aware and coping strategies. Cannot get C+E with a correlation analysis |
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