7315257
Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Tense | = grammatical expression of time realized by the verb; past, present |
| TIME | semantic concept = meaning; past, present, future |
| GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS | progressive, perfective |
| Past tense | → Expresses social, temporal, hypothetical remoteness → e.g. Could you close the window please? -> Social; Politeness Yesterday I went to the dentist. -> Temporal → ≠ PRESENT TENSE: no distancing effect; permanent/immediate events HISTORIC PRESENT = present tense with past reference; usually used for ‘special effect’ e.g. a week ago I'm walking down the street and I see this accident |
| Present tense | I sing You go We dance.. |
| Present perfect | |
| Present Perfect Uses | Continuative present perfect/State / habit-up-to-the-present Referring to any moment in the past = indefinite present perfect Resultative Present Perfect |
| Continuative present perfect/State / habit-up-to-the-present | --> state verbs, event verbs We've lived in Vienna since last September. I've always walked to work. |
| Referring to any moment in the past = indefinite present perfect | He's a man who has been suffering. Have you ever been to America? Have you visited the Gaugin exhibition? |
| Resultative Present Perfect | -> transitional verbs; result in the present of sth that happened in The taxi has arrived. I've taken a bath. |
| Present Perfect Progressive Uses | Uses of the progressive: -> Extra emphasis on duration/limited duration e.g. I have been speaking to Al. ->Notion of incompletion + continuation in the future e.g. She’s been working... -> Repetition/iteration e.g. Who’s been eating my sandwich? |
| Past perfect | |
| Future reference | 1. WILL + INFINITIVE (Future Simple) 2. WILL + PROGRESSIVE (Future Progressive) 3. BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE 4. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE FUTURE 5. PRESENT SIMPLE 6. OTHER WAYS OF REFERRING TO THE FUTURE |
| Future simple Internal Factors External Factors | |
| Future progressive Uses? | |
| Other ways of referring to the future (5) | |
| Past in the future | Future Perfect (past in future) e.g. By the age of 20, as a typical American child you will have watched 700,000 TV commercials |
| Future in the past | Future in the past e.g. Last time we met, your wife was going to learn Arabic. |
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