7346873
Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Simple sentence | |
| Compound Sentence | |
| Complex Sentence | |
| Main clause | A clause that can form a complete sentence standing alone, having a subject and a predicate.→ e.g. John lives in Vienna. BUT not always! cf. examples in Handout |
| Subordinate Clause | part of another clause ! dependent → Also called ‘embedded clause’ → e.g. I know (that) John lives in Vienna. ! Complex sentence John lives in Vienna but he is from Nigeria. ! Compound sentence subordinate clause means: it fulfills a higher function in the main clause |
| What is a clause? | → Look for all the lexical verbs in a sentence + infinitives, participles, ... → e.g. She wants to leave. = 2 lexical verbs; 2 CLAUSES Jill seems quite friendly. = 1 lexical verb; 1 CLAUSE |
| Coordinator | A word used to connect clauses, sentences, or words of equal syntactic importance (e.g. and, or, for): |
| Subordinator | (Grammar) a subordinating conjunction, participle, or other element. that, because, for, ... |
| Noun clause | Are very similar to NPs also Complement Clause you can usually replace NC with a noun subcategories: -that-clauses -wh-clauses |
| that-clause | /That he argued/ was a shame. My assumption is /that interest rates will son fall./ Our belief /that John is involved/ has been confirmed. |
| wh-clauses | I can't imagine /what they want with your address./ /How the book will sell/ depends on the reviewers. The problem is /who will water my plants when I'm away/. |
| Adverbial clause 6 categories of Adverbial clauses | also Adjunct clause (cause very similar to adjuncts and adverbials) Reason, Time, Concession, Place, Purpose, Condition The women telephoned the authorities, /because her enraged cat attacked them./ - Reason We left /after the speeches ended./ - Time /Although John studied hard/, he still failed the exam. -Concession He travels /wherever he wants/. -Place Go to bed early so /that you'll be fresh for your interview tomorrow. -Purpose /If you don't like grammar/, I'll be very upset. - Condition Subcategory: Conditionals! |
| Conditionals diagram | |
| Conditionals | Real conditionals Unreal conditionals Factual conditionals Predictive conditionals Hypothetical conditionals Counterfactual conditionals |
| Real conditionals | Factual Conditionals Predictive Conditionals |
| Unreal conditionals | Hypothetical conditionals Counterfactual conditionals |
| Factual conditionals | 'generally true' present + present past + past If I /wash/ the dishes, he /dries/ them. If it /rained/, we /went/ by bus. If they /don't understand/ what to do they probably /weren't listening./ |
| Predictive conditionals | 'likely' present + present modal (will, can, ..) If I /see/ Mary, I/'ll/ tell her. If we /get/ there early, we /can/ sit at the front. If they'/ve finished/ already, we/'ll/ give them something to do. |
| Hypothetical conditionals | 'unlikely' past+ past modal (might, could, ..) If I /got/ the job, I'/d/ move to London. If you /came/ in the summer, you /could/ stay with us and you /might/ even geht your own room. If I /were/ rich, we /would have/ offered to help those poor people. |
| Counterfactual conditionals | 'impossible' past perfect + past modal perfect (would have, could have ,..) If I /had called/ John earlier, he /would have/ helped. If she /had asked/ us, we /might have known/ how to fix it, or we /could have tried/ at least. If your parents /hadn't met/, you /wouldn't be sitting/ here now. |
| Relative clause | first embedded into a NP tree diagram in 22. |
| Comparative Clause | anything with than or as |
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