7350067
Description
Flashcards by Mollie Thompson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mollie Thompson
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What does localisation of function mean? | It's the theory that different areas of the brain are responsible for different behaviours, processes or activities. |
| What is the motor area of the brain? | - It's located in the frontal lobe - It's involved with regulating movement |
| What is the somatosensory area of the brain? | - It's located in the parietal lobe - Processes sensory information like touch |
| What is the visual area of the brain? | - Located in the occipital lobe - Receives and processes visual information |
| What is the auditory area of the brain? | - Located in the temporal lobe - Concerned with the analysis of speech-based information |
| What is Broca's area? | - Located in the left hemisphere, frontal lobe - Responsible for speech production |
| What is Wernicke's area? | - Located in the left hemisphere, temporal lobe - Responsible for language comprehension |
| In the 19th century who found that areas of the brain are associated with different functions? | Paul Broca Karl Wernicke |
| Before this, what did scientists support the theory of? | They supported the view that the whole brain was involved in each function - holism |
| So, Broca and Wernicke found that if certain areas of the brain are damaged.... | Certain functions associated with those areas doesn't function properley |
| Whats the name of the idea that the two halves or hemispheres of the brain hold different functions? | Lateralisation of function |
| Generally, the left hemisphere of the brain controls activity on the ______ side of the body. | Right |
| Generally, the right hemisphere of the brain controls activity on the ______ side of the body. | Left |
| What is the outer layer of the brain called? | The cerebral cortex |
| How thick is this part of the brain? | Roughly 3mm |
| Why does this separate us from animals? | Because animals cerebral cortex is much more underdeveloped than humans. |
| Why does the cortex appear grey? | Because of all the location of the of cell bodies (grey matter) |
| What are the four lobes of the brain? | - The occipital lobe - The parietal lobe - The frontal lobe - The temporal lobe |
| Damage to the motor area could lead to... | loss of control over fine movements |
| Where is the occipital lobe located? | At the back of the brain |
| What could damage to the right hemisphere cause to eyesight? | Blindness in the left visual field of both eyes |
| Damage to the auditory area may cause... | Partial hearing loss, the more extensive the damage, the more extensive the loss |
| What can damage to Broca area cause? | Broca's asphasia |
| What is Broca's asphasia characterised by? Give a patient example | Slow speech, lacking in fluency 'Tan' was one of Broca's patients who could could only say the word tan. |
| What can damage to Wernicke's area cause? | Wernicke's asphasia |
| What is Wernicke's asphasia characterised by? | Fluent but meaningless speech, nonsense words within normal sentences |
| EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION: (SUPPORTING RESEARCH) | STRENGTH: Supporting research: Tulving et al (1994) Research found that semantic and episodic memories reside in different parts of the pre-frontal cortex So, there's scientific evidence to prove this theory -> increase validity |
| EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION: (NEUROSURGICAL EVIDENCE) | STRENGTH: Neurosurgical evidence - Developed in the 50's with the lobotomy - Dougherty et al (2002) - 44 OCD patients who'd had cingulotomy (lesioning of cingulate gyrus) - After 32 weeks 1/3 had met criteria for successful response -Successes like these suggest that some serious mental disorders are localized and can be treated |
| EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION IN THE BRAIN: (ANIMAL STUDIES) | WEAKNESS: Animal studies Lashley (1950) - Found that higher cognitive functions involved in learning aren't localised but are distributed more holistically - Rat study - Lashley removed between 10 and 50% of cortex from brain - process of learning a maze used every part of the cortex |
| EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION IN THE BRAIN: (PLASTICITY) | WEAKNESS: Plasticity - Plasticity suggests that if parts of the brain are damaged then the other parts chip in to achieve the same neurological action - This doesn't happen everytime BUT... - It suggests that the brain works holistically - as a whole |
| EXTRA EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION (Case study evidence) | STRENGTH: Phineas Gage - Gage suffered an accident in which a metre-length pole hurled through Gage's left cheek, passing behind his left eye through his skull, taking a portion of brain with it - He survived but his personality changed, he became quick tempered and rude -Suggesting the frontal lobe regulates mood - supporting the theory |
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