7391917
Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Information packaging | = ‘thematic systems’ → Similar meaning: message is the same but way in which it’s presented changes |
| Unmarked word order | → SVOCA = canonical/unmarked word order Active voice: canonical word order |
| Marked word order | Passive voice: marked word order |
| Active | → SVOCA = canonical/unmarked word order Active voice: canonical word order |
| Passive where used? emphasis? focus? style? | |
| End-weight Discontinuous NP? | |
| Given-before-new | = End Focus Principle (next flashcard) |
| End-focus | |
| Topic - Comment | |
| Types of Passive | Short passive Long passive Prepositional passive Get-passive Verbal (be) passive Adjectival passive |
| Short passive | = ‘getting rid’ of the actor in active sentence e.g. His wife betrayed him. <-> He was betrayed. |
| Long passive | = keeping actor of active sentence; often occurs with ditransitive verbs e.g. My mother gave Joseph a book. <-> A book was given to Joseph by my mother. |
| Prepositional passive | e.g. The police is looking into the matter. <-> The matter is being looked into. → With STRANDED preposition → CAUTION: you have to keep the time/tense of the original sentence! |
| Get-passive | → Very often in spoken language → Often foregrounds a dynamic process → Tends to colligate with verbs with negative meaning → Hints at increased responsibility of the subject e.g. They were involved in the murder. <-> They got involved in the murder. |
| Verbal (be) passive | → More dynamic meaning → Focus on the action → Often agent given e.g. The door was damaged by Tony. |
| Adjectival passive | → More stative meaning → Often agent omitted (past participle behaves like adjective) → Grading possible (e.g. very, quite, ...) e.g. The door was (already) damaged. |
| The Use of Passive | → Given before new → Topic-comment → Omission of agent = when agent can be omitted, because we already know him → Avoidance of first-person pronouns in academic texts to de-personalize → Allocation of different semantic roles = who the agent/patient is |
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