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Description
Flashcards by Hanin Lewa, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hanin Lewa
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are Paradigms? | A systematic theoretical and mythodological framework which can't be directly tested |
| What are examples of a positivist framework approach? | Behaviouralism and Rational choice theory |
| What are examples of a Non-positivist framework approach? | Interpretative/Hermeneutics and post-modernist thoeries |
| What is hermeneutics? | knowledge based on interpretation |
| What is positivism? | political science can be: natural sciences such as physics and biology neoclassical economics needs to emulate physics and math Rational Choice Theory: political sci needs to emulate economics Perestroika debate |
| What is the Scientific Method and it's goal? | findings based on objective, and systematic observation and verified through public inspection and results -the ultimate goal is to use verifiable results to construct theories that explain why phenomena behave the way they do |
| What is the structure of the scientific method research? | Research Question- asks why or how phenomena behave Theory- body of statements that synthesize knowledge and explain phenomena Hypotheses- terms to be tested through collection and analysis of empirical data Empirical Analysis- confirms or refutes the hypotheses and theory and answers question |
| The example of the science of friendship is what type of approach? | Positivist approach- rational choice theory |
| Ethical Issues in resreach? | -no harm - 1 person/group bears an undue burden of the research risk - risk assessment is key - balance b/w personal gain and risk of harm -always weighted in favor of research subjects |
| What is ethics of resreach? | avoiding harm in researching participants such as stress, pain etc |
| What are 3 examples of violation of research ethics? | -Standford Prison experiment -Milgram obedience to authority experimental studies -Nazi medical experiments |
| violations of research integrity include? | plagiarism and falsification of data or research results, etc |
| What does REB stand for and what does it do? and what are other similar institutions? | Research Ethics Board in Canada - review of projects including human subjects -too restrictive or too intrusive? -Academic freedom other: Institutional review boards in US and Ethical codes in various disciplines |
| Policies in Canada regarding ethics? why do they exist? | Charter of Rights and Freedoms -REB, approval process -Tri council policy statement: ethican conduct for research involving humans - this is administered through REB - these policies are due to inadvertment harm caused to participants |
| REB is? details? | Research Ethics board. approval must be obtained before people are participants, appeal process -REBS are internal to institutions: -uni's colleges, gov'ts. priv companies Must have external rep conflict of interest- funding and work w/ applicant |
| Quantitative vs qualitative approvals? | Quant is easier, collection of data from one person at a time, specific hypothesis and specific plan for resting Qual may capture data on people that would not want their activities observed, cautious REB can restrict project, funding and prevent research, flexibility- indeterminate methods |
| Tri council policy statement has 3 principles, what are they? | -justice -concern for welfare - respect for persons |
| Respect for persons in the tri council consists of what ? | consent- active vs passive, must understand and be actually able to consent, guardian or agent for limited ability Impractical in Ethnography (participant observation)- prevent contamination of subjects, unforeseen changes in project due to emerging theme, unknown people may enter research setting -researcher can rely on verbal consent -not all participants will get same information |
| concern for welfare in tri council policy statement consists of what? | -Wellbeing of person/group/community- avoiding harm, inadvertent identification, embarassment, etc -Privacy -Confidentiality must be maintained |
| Justice consistes of what? | No person should be exploited for research (prison inmates) and principle of no harm should still be followed -paid participation may induce risks beyond participants behaviour pressure to remain beyond stopping point |
| What is a theory? | A body of statements that synthesizes knowledge and explains phenomena an explanation of observed patterns or regularities |
| Can a paradigm be tested directly? | no |
| Can a theory be tested directly? | yes |
| What are exmaples of theories? | Rational choice of voting, Seymour Martin Libsets theory of democracy |
| The tooth brushing article uses what approach, and what theory? | Rational choice theory, deductive approach |
| What is a deductive approach? | An approach that starts with a theory and then proceeds with findings and observations relies on quantitative data, employes research hypothesis |
| What is research hypothesis? | testable expectation about empirical reality that follows from a more general proposition theory |
| What approach does the Shelock holmes example use? | inductive appraoch |
| What is the deductive approach process? | 1. Theory 2. Hypothesis 3. Data collection 4. Findings 5.Hypothesis confirmed of rejected 6. Revision of theory |
| What is an inductive approach? | starts with observations and finding and then formulates a theory and explanation relies on qualitative data research questions gathering or examining data and then deriving a theory or explanation from data |
| What is a research question? | states purpose of study in form of a question |
| Qualitative research is? | words and non numerical data relies on post positivist paradigm interpretivist and post modernist |
| quantitative data is? | numerical and statistic data relies on positivist paradigm uses rational choice and behaviouralism |
| According to tri council policy statement, term "consent" means ...? | free, informed and ongoing |
| social sciences paradigm based on natural sciences methodology is often referred to as...? | positivism |
| What are the 3 core principles of research ethics as outlined by the tri council policy statement? | Justice, concern for welfare, respect for persons |
| is the deductive approach typically qualitative or quantitative? | quantitative |
| What are paradigms? | systemic theoretical and methodological frameworks that can't be tested directly. |
| What are concepts | Terms that enable us to classify or describe political phenomena |
| What are variables? | A quantifiable measure of a concept |
| What is an index? | A composite measure created from related variables |
| What is validity? | The degree of correspondence between the measure and the concept |
| Reliability is? | Extent to which a research, hypothesis test or any measuring procedure yields the same or similar results in repeated cases. |
| Replicability is? | Results remain the same when others repeat all or part of a study |
| Qualitative features? | Thick description, non positivist, interpretivist/hermeneutics, post modernism, inductive, small number of cases, research question, words and images |
| Quantitative features? | Thin description, positivist, rational choice, behaviouralism, deductive, large number of cases, research hypothesis, numbers and statistics. |
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