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| Question | Answer |
| What is a republic? | A republic is a form of government in which the head of state is a citizen of the nation rather than a monarch. |
| When did the idea of republicanism become popular? | It was during the Enlightenment that the idea of republicanism became popular in Europe and North America. |
| Which was the first republic to be established in the modern era? | The first republic to be established in the modern era was the American Republic. |
| What did the Declaration of Independence announce? | The Declaration of Independence announced America's separation from Britain and introduced a system of 'rule by the people.' |
| What is liberalism? | Liberalism was a movement that sought to protect and improve the rights of individuals. |
| What did liberals believe? | Liberals believed that governments existed to protect people's basic civil liberties, rather than restrict them. |
| What did liberals want? | Liberals wanted a small role for government and believed that it should not stand in the way of individuals who wanted to improve their lives. |
| What is capitalism? | Capitalism is an economic system based on competition between sellers. |
| Who are capitalists? | Capitalists are individuals who invest their money into new business ventures in order to make a profit. |
| What did the Scientific Age do? | The Scientific Age had given a rise to new inventions, such as the steam engine, but it was the growing class of capitalists in Britain who used tools to establish the factory system. |
| what is socialism? | Socialism is about redistributing wealth from the rich to the poor. |
| What happened during the Industrial Revolution? | During the Industrial Revolution, capitalists grew extremely wealthy from the factory system, the growing urban working class had barely enough to survive. |
| What did socialists believe? | Socialists believed that the profits created by workers ought to be given to the workers. |
| What happened by the middle of the 19th century? | Two strands of socialism had emerged in Britain-revolutionary socialism, or communism, and democratic socialism, otherwise known as Fabianism. |
| What did the Chartism movement call for? | -The right for all men to vote -The secret ballot -Pay for parliamentarians -Electorates that were equal in size -Annual elections |
| What did reforms earn Australia? | Reforms earned Australia a reputation throughout the world as a 'laboratory for democracy.' |
| What is egalitarianism? | Egalitarianism is the belief in a 'fair go' for all. |
| What is nationalism? | Nationalism is the belief that people of a similar race, culture or ideals ought to belong to the same nation-state. |
| What was nationalism in the 19th century? | Nationalism was one of the most influential ideas of the 19th century. |
| What did nationalism result in? | Nationalism resulted in the establishment of new nations- such as Australia in 1901 - growing empires, national rivalries and movements of resistance against foreign rule. |
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