7695336
Description
Flashcards by Essance Murphy, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Essance Murphy
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Mesopotamia | The land between two rivers ; where the first human civilization began |
| Fertile Crescent | the region in the middle east which curves , like a quarter moon shape ; Known as the Cradle of Civilization |
| polythesic (aka polytheism) | belief in MANY god ; Ancient Sumerians believed in over 3,000 gods |
| ziggurat | the massive platform that the Sumerians built their religious temples on |
| theocracy | means "rules by god" : describes a govt. where the ruler is thought to be a God Ex . Ancient Egypt |
| cuneiform | !st writing system developed by the Sumerians; "wedge shaped writing |
| Hammurabi's Law Code 33 | !st written laws ; given to the people of Ancient Babylon by King Hammurabi ; very strict laws based on principle of an eye for an eye , a tooth for tooth |
| patriarchal | describes a society dominated by men |
| Nile River | the longest river in the world; Egypt is often called "the gift of the Nile River; Egyptians depended on the Nile for everything |
| Inundation | the annual flooding of the Nile River. The flood river leave behind rich fertile mud |
| silt | rich black mud left behind from the flooding of the Nile River |
| King Menes (36) | King who united Lower & Upper Egypt around 3100 B.C |
| dynasty | mean "great house of" ; family rulers |
| pharoah | name for Egyptian King |
| "ka" | ancient Egyptians thought that when someone died the Ka , or the life force , left the physical body of the mummy or the small statues that were left in the tomb |
| "Ba" | the Ba was the part of the soul that embarked on a journey to follow the gods ; the symbol of the Ba is often shown as a bird with a human head and wings |
| mummification | It was very important to Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs that the human body was preserved. Their method of preserving the body was called mummification. The process lasted up to 70 days |
| Canopic Jars | containers used to hold the internal organs (lungs , stomach, intestines, liver) of the deceased that was going to be mummified ; the jars had lids shaped to the heads of the four sons of Horus |
| sarcophagus | a sarcophagus formed the outer layer of protection for a royal mummy , with several layers of coffins nested within , and was often carved out of Alabaster |
| King Khufu (aka Cheops (KEE-ops) | earned everlasting fame for being the pharaoh responsible for the Great Pyramid at Giza which he built to serve as his tomb |
| King Khufu's boat | discovered in 1952 buried under the Great Pyramid ; it would be needed to ferry King Khufu's spirit across the sky to be with Ra , the sun god |
| Great Sphinx | one of the largest and oldest statues in the world. Archaeologist believe that it was carved around 2500 BC and that the head is meant to be the likeness of the Pharaoh Khafra |
| hieroglyphics | Egyptian picture writing |
| The Rosetta Stone | a stone with writing on it in two languages (Egyptian Greek) , using three scripts (hieroglyphic , demotic and Greek) |
| Hyksos | invaded Egypt ; and ruled for 200 years; introduced the horse drawn chariot |
| Hatshepsut | first great woman ruler in history; she ruled Egypt as king not queen. Sculptures and masks show her with false beard |
| Akhenaten (aka Amenhotep) | rejected the traditional religion in favor of worshiping the Aten , or sun disc, after whom renamed himself . He closed all the temples to the old gods and obliterated their names from monuments |
| King Tut | 17 year old boy pharaoh whose tomb survived untouched by grave robbers; more than 3000 artifacts discovered in his tomb |
| Ramses II | Ramses the reigned 67 years ; fathered over 100 children ; defeated the Hittites, the other superpower of ancient times; he declared himself a living god |
| Papyrus | reed like plant that grows on the Nile Rivers Ancient Egyptians used to write on |
| Cultural Diffusion | the spreading of ideas from one culture to another |
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