Created by izzy-whizzy
over 11 years ago
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Question | Answer |
Demyelination | Loss of the myelin sheath insulating nerves. Conduction signals along the nerve can be lost or impaired. |
Synapse | Site at which one neuron communicates with another cell. |
Multipolar Neurons | Have one axon and many dendrites. Are common in brain and spinal cord. |
Bipolar Neurons | Have one axon and one main dendrite. Can be found in the retina, inner ear and olfactory areas of the brain. |
Visceral Senses | Autonomic NS. Normally not aware of them e.g. O2 content in blood. |
Somatic Senses | Somatic PNS. Conscious perception. Receptors throughout body - non specialized organs. Touch, body position, temperature. |
Unipolar Neurons | Begins life as bipolar neurons. But the axon and dendrite fuse into single process which divides a short distance from the cell body. Dendrites most commonly function and sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. |
Exteroreceptors | Located near the surface of the body. Provide information about external environment e.g. temperature, pressure, vision. |
Interoreceptors | Located within the body (in blood vessels, organs, muscles and nervous tissue) Monitor the internal environment. |
Proprioceptors | Located in muscle, tendons, joints and the inner ear. Provide information about the position of the body posture and movement. |
Astrocytes | Maintain the correct chemical environment for action potential generation. Provide nutrients to neurons. Part of the blood-brain barrier. |
Microglia | Protect CNS cells from disease from phagocytosis. Clear away debris and dead cells. Migrate to areas of injured nerve tissue. |
Oligodendrocytes | From the supporting network around CNS neurons. Produce myelin sheath around CNS axons. |
Ependymal Cells | Line ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord. Produce, help circulate and monitor cerebral spinal fluid. |
Satalite cells | Provide structural support. Regulate exchanges between cell bodies and interstitial fluid. |
Schwann cell | Produces part of the myelin sheath around the PNS neuron. Assist with regeneration of PNS axons. |
Electrical Synapse | Common in smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Impulses conducted via gap junctions. |
Chemical Synapse | Neurotransmitters. Slower than electrical synapses. |
Main functions of Cerebrum | Conscious thoughts, memory storage and processing, conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle. |
Main Functions of Cerebellum | Second largest part of the brain. Coordinates skeletal muscle contraction and regulation. Posture and balance. |
Main Functions of Diencephalon | Thalamus and hypothalamus. Processing centers for sensory information and centers controlling hormone production, emotions and autonomic functions. |
Cerebrospinal Fluid | Clear colourless liquid that cushions and supports the brain. transportation of nutrients, waste and chemical messengers. Free exchange between CSF and brain. |
Main Functions of Brain Stem | Medulla oblongata, pons and mid brain. Continuous with spinal cord. Contains important processing centers and relays information to and from other brain regions. |
Blood Brain Barrier | Prevents harmful substances from entering the brain tissue. Lipid soluble substances and glucose can cross. Antibiotics and proteins cant cross. |
Vertebral Column | Bony vertebrae stack on top of each other forming vertebral canal in which the spinal cord sits. |
Autonomic Nervous System | Coordinates CVS, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive functions. Parasympathetic and sympathetic subdivisions. Antagonistic actions. |
Parasympathetic | Responsible for the state of 'rest and digest'. Energy conservation of digestive activities. |
Sympathetic | When fully active produces 'fight or flight' response. Increased alertness and metabolic activities. |
Myelin | A lipid/protein covering found around most axons. |
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