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| Question | Answer |
| What was the middle class and what did it include? | The middle class was a group between the upper classes and mega-rich, and the lower classes who were desperately poor. The middle-class include the shopkeepers, lawyers and doctors. |
| Whats in common between all the people in a middle class? | What the middle class had in common was a marketable skills that won them a higher income than the lower workers. |
| Why was Britain considered progressive compared to other nations despite the harsh and unequal conditions in Britain? | Although the 18th century may seem harsh and unequal, it was progressive compared to other nations, as it had the comparatively equal applications of the law. |
| How did the rise of the middle class in Britain affect the character of the nation? | The rise of the middle class in Britain affected the character of the nation. They contributed new ideas to the debates on the issues of the time, as they had to work for a living. |
| Why did the Napolean describe the English as "a nation of shopkeepers"? | The positions the middle class took in these debates were often influenced by commercial interests. As a result, the Napolean described the English as "a nation of Shopkeepers" |
| What was the disadvantage of enclosing common lands? | The enclosure of common lands, which drove the families off their farms and into the cities, not only created workers to fill factories, but also resulted in a large amount of people driven to crime by desperation. |
| How were the criminals captured before 1749? | Before 1749, there were no official police forces and authorities merely posted rewards for criminals. The only hope of capturing criminals was that the acquaintances would report them. |
| Why wasn't the application of the death penalty for minor crimes was not very effective? | The application of the death penalty for minor crimes was not very effective, however, because juries would not convict and judges would not condemn in any but the clearest cases. |
| Why was putting convicts in hulks a bad idea? especially towards the middle class? | Not only putting convicts in hulks was an expensive and unsightly solution: it also created fear among the middle class, who were worried about a possible uprising by the desperate prisoners. |
| What were the clippers? | The clippers were sailing ships, sometimes with iron hulks, that dominated the carrying of cargo and passengers. |
| What were the significant changes that were brought to Britain during the Industrial Revolution? | The Industrial Revolution brought significant changes to Britain's ecoomy and society. With the development of machines and steam power, goods were produced more quickly and cheapely in factories, and in large quantities. |
| Why were the housing conditions really bad during the Industrial Revolution? and what did this lead to? | Due to the fast construction and limited government regulation concerning building requirements, houses were built very close to each other and poorly constructed. These areas became slums due to overcrowding, disease and excessive consumption of Alcohol. |
| Why did the crime rates increase in Britain? | As people moved to cities, they became anonymous. With limited accountalibity and desperate living conditions, crime became a mean of survival. |
| Why did the government look for an alternative penal settlement? | When Britain lost its American colonies as a result of the War of Independence, the Britain government was forced to look for an alternative penal settlement. |
| What were the Hulks? | Prisoners in Britain were held in old ships called hulks. A hulk could be up to 65 metres long, the same size as six buses, and could hold up to 300 convicts. |
| Why was Australia chosen as a penal colony In 1786? | In 1786, Australia was chosen as the new penal colony because of its distance from Britain and the opportunities it provided to secure flax and timber, and trade routes with China. |
| What were the benefits of the Industrial Revolution? and how did it influence the movement of people? | A benefit of the Industrial Revolution was improvements in transportation, with the building of better roads, new railways and faster ships. This influenced the movement of people by improving the ease, safety and time it took to travel. |
| Why were there few free people who emigrated to Australia in the early days of colonisation? | Few free people emigrated to Australia in the early days of colonisation, as the free settlers had to fund their own transport, which resulted in only few wealthy people making the journey. |
| How did the ships travel between Australia and Britain in only 30 days? | By 1901, with the invention of the steam ship and the construction of the Suez Canal in 1869, ship travel between Australia and Britain had been reduced from 8 months to 30 days. |
| Why was the slave trade very profitable? | The slave trade was very profitable business as manufactured goods were traded with slaves. Then these slaves were delivered to the Americas to work on plantations, such as cotton, tobacco and sugar canes. |
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