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Description
Flashcards by Tony Salomone, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Viticulture | The intentional cultivation of grapevines |
| Winegrowing | Viticulture for sole purpose of making wine |
| Vine Trunk | Connection between underground root system and above ground structure |
| Vine Arms | Branches that scion from vine trunk. They support the leaves and clusters |
| Vine Spur | The beginning formation of an arm |
| Vine Cane | The long narrow reaching end of a vine arm. Pruned seasonally from cordons to avoid entanglement |
| Cloning | The propagation method of pruning a young cane and hydroponically growing a root system and replanting into vineyard |
| Field Grafting | Propagation method where by removing the canes and making an incision in an undesirable trunk to insert healthy un-rooted cutting from desirable vine. Gives access to rootstock but grows like new vine |
| Vine yielding | Grapes will grow in first or second season but will be undesirable for winemaking until third season (Thirdleaf) do to youth |
| Wine grape optimal period | It is said that the 6th year of a vine is when the greatest crop forms and will produce at optimal levels for a decade |
| Old vines | The term is not highly regulated but the designation is often reserved for vines with 50 years of age or more |
| Ideal growing latitudes | Between 30 and 50 degrees latitude in both Northern and Southern for their long, warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters |
| Winter dormancy | Vines conserve their energy for spring production leading to fall harvest. Seasons are opposite between N and S causing a 6 month difference in harvest periods |
| Bud Break | A potentially hazardous period when temps exceed 50F |
| Flowering | The 2nd critical phase that takes place 40 to 80 days after bud break. These cluster of flowers that fertilize will turn into one or two grapes. Warm and dry is ideal for during flowering |
| Berries | Referring to grapes especially in immature phase |
| Coulore "Shatter" | Disease where by flowers fail to become developed berries due to extreme weather conditions that cause flowers to stay closed and not fertilize (Grenache, Malbec, Merlot and Muscat most susceptible) |
| Millerandage | Hazard of poor weather conditions that cause uneven maturation and ripeness of grapes. Can cause "green" flavors in wines negatively |
| Veraison | The plants sudden acceleration period towards maturation |
| Physiological Maturity | The optimal level of phenolic compunds |
| Respiration | Plants break down of sugar and carbs providing energy for root and leaf growth. Rate of respiration doubles for every 18F temperature increase |
| Transpiration | Process where water evaporation leaves through opening in underside of leaves. Known as Stomata. Cools the vine |
| Stomata | The openings in the underside of leaves that allow transpiration. They will close if not enough water is available. They bring in carbon dioxide and a shut down will also stop photosynthesis |
| Translocation | Movement of material from one part of the plant to another |
| Weather vs Climate | Weather: Actual current conditions Climate: Historical averages |
| Climate: Macro- Meso - Micro - | Macro: The region Meso: Portion of region Micro: Portion of vineyard |
| Two common soil details for best growing | 1. Not very fertile soil, controls growth preventing over production 2. Regulates water supply by drainage so vines do not intake too much |
| Soil is defined by size of its particles | Clay: Very fine, tight, low water passage Silt: Mid size Sand: Coarse particles low water retention Gravel: Large, inorganic |
| Viral Disease | Virus spread through propagating infected cuttings |
| Bacterial Disease | Usually spread by insects and and animals |
| Fungal Disease | Generally spread by airborne spores especially in warm, humid climates: Oidium and Peronospora. Usually show as powdery mildew |
| Botrytis Cinera | Known as noble rot. Can be beneficial if occurring at full maturation but detrimental during early stage of grape growth. In German is is called Edelfaule |
| Phylloxera | Microscopic insects that sucks sap from leaves and roots of grapevines. American vines are resistant to Phylloxera |
| Pruning and Training Methods | Head Training: Vines grow like bushes and normally spur pruned Guyot: Cane is trained along wire all in same direction Cordon: Same as guyot but spur pruned Pergola: Trained vertically |
| VSP | Vertical Shoot Positioning: Allows good air circulation and light exposure. each new years canes trained upward above fruiting area. Easier harvest |
| Brix | Degree of measurement pertaining to sugar content in grapes |
| Sugar measurements | US: Brix France: Baume Germany: Oechsle (Oe) Austria: Klosterneuburger Mostwaage (KMW) |
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