8845845
Description
Flashcards by Elise Scott, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elise Scott
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 2 TYPES OF CRUST!!! | Oceanic which is denser (5km thick) and continental which is lighter; it is about 30 km thick. |
| FINISH THIS SENTENCE: The crust is made up of 7 large tectonic plates and many smaller ones. These plates move because of... | convection currents within the mantle. |
| CONVECTION CURRENTS!!! | The plates ‘float’ on the molten magma inside the mantle. Convection currents make the plates move. |
| Around the edge of the Pacific Plate??? | RING OF FIREEEEEEEEEEEEEEE |
| Where are volcanoes found??? | They are found along plate boundaries. These are the most unstable parts of the crust because of movement by convection currents in the mantle. |
| Which TYPE(s) of plate boundaries are volcanoes found at??? | Volcanoes are found at destructive and constructive boundaries – i.e. only where crust is destroyed or made. |
| Where are EARTHQUAKES found??? | Earthquakes mainly at destructive, collision and conservative margins – but found at all because of stresses (in plates). |
| STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH!!! | |
| DESTRUCTIVE PLATE BOUNDARY!!! |
Image:
Destructive (image/png)
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| CONSTRUCTIVE PLATE BOUNDARY!!! |
Image:
Constructive (image/png)
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| CONSERVATIVE PLATE BOUNDARY!!! |
Image:
Conservative (image/png)
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| COLLISION PLATE BOUNDARY!!! | |
| COMPOSITE CONE VOLCANO!!! |
Image:
1355442043 (image/png)
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| Where do composite cone volcanoes occur at??? | DESTRUCTIVE plate boundaries. |
| SHIELD VOLCANO!!! | |
| Where do shield volcanoes occur at??? | CONSTRUCTIVE plate boundaries. |
| Why do people live near volcanoes? | - Ash adds valuable nutrients to soils – this helps agriculture. - Grow wheat & tomatoes – high yields. - Attractive to tourists – economic impacts. - Surrounded by areas which are useless for farming. - It is attractive. - Sulphur used in industry. |
| Monserrat LOCATION. | - Small Caribbean island (LEDC). - British Colony. - Volcano in South of the island, near capital city Plymouth. |
| Monserrat CAUSES. | It is located close to the destructive boundary of the Caribbean plate and the North and South American Plates. The North and South American plates were pushing under the Caribbean plate. |
| Monserrat PRIMARY EFFECTS. | - Lahars. - 23 killed and people made homeless. - Pyroclastic flow and forest fires. - Industry and tourism stopped. |
| Monserrat SECONDARY EFFECTS. | Of islands 402 miles, only 152 miles in the - North were considered safe - Capital city Plymouth became a ghost town - People were moved to the North of the island – undeveloped, poor sanitation, few roads and settlements – evacuees had to live in makeshift centres (some for over 2 years!!). - No schools or hospitals - Tourist industry stopped (no airport). - Other industry declined (port closed). - Transport made very difficult – (no port / airport / roads). |
| Monserrat SHORT-TERM RESPONSES. | In August 1997, 50% of people were evacuated to the North of the island away from the danger zone – living in makeshift shelters Helicopter picks up survivors Emergency Support Unit assisted by Dutch and French helicopters |
| Monserrat LONG-TERM RESPONSES. (#1) | - Britain gave: £41 million aid to rebuild north, free flights out and money = £2400 each if left island. - 5000 evacuated abroad and there were temporary shelters. |
| Monserrat LONG-TERM RESPONSES. (#2) | Volcanic monitoring equipment and experts were established to monitor seismic activity and provide the Governor of Montserrat with practical information on the dangers posed by the volcano. |
| Monserrat PROBLEMS. | - Rioting occurred – local people thought British government wasn't doing enough to help. - Montserratians demanded £20,000 per person. - Although money was invested, there is no guarantee that the volcano won’t erupt again |
| Explain the formation of a SUPERVOLCANO. | 1. Rising magma cannot escape, and a large bulge appears on the surface. 2. Cracks appear in the surface and gas and ash erupt from the magma chamber. 3. The magma chamber collapses, forming a depression called a caldera. |
| Name an example of a SUPERVOLCANO. | Yellowstoneeeeeeeeee boi |
| DA ALPS | The Alps are young fold mountains formed 30 to 40 million years ago (Destructive/Collision margin). |
| Explain the formation of FOLD MOUNTAINS. | 1. Sedimentary rock that was 1000s of metres thick formed in geosynclines (huge depressions in the earth’s crust). 2. Over millions of years these were compressed into sandstone and limestone. 3. |
| HUMAN ACTIVITY IN THE ALPS: | - Tourism. - Farming. - HEP energy production. - Forestry. - Industry. |
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