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Description
Flashcards by Faith Nealon , updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Faith Nealon
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the five sense organs in the human body? | Skin, eyes, ears, nose, tongue |
| In what form is information transmitted along nerve cells? | Electrical impulses |
| What are the two different kinds of effector in the human body? | Muscles and glands |
| What name is given to the connection between two nerve cells? | A synapse |
| What are hormones secreted by? | Glands |
| Give one difference between a nervous response and a hormonal response | Nerves carry messages faster than hormones |
| Describe what happens in day one of the menstrual cycle | Bleeding starts |
| Name the two hormones found in the combined oral contraceptive pill | Progesterone and oestrogen |
| What is phototropism? | The growth response of a plant to light |
| Name the plant hormone that controls phototropism | Auxin |
| Why are plant growth hormones used to make selective weed killers? | The plant hormones only affect broad leaved plants like weeds and don't affect plants like cereal crops and grass. |
| Give two potential side effects associated with IVF | Vomiting, higher risk of cancer |
| What effect of oestrogen have on the release of FSH? | It inhibits it |
| What hormone causes an egg to mature in an ovary? | FSH |
| On what day of the menstrual cycle is the egg released? | Day 14 |
| Name two types of communication systems that are part of automatic control systems in the body | Nervous and hormonal communication systems |
| Explain why the conditions in your body need to be kept steady. | Your cells need the right conditions to function properly |
| What are the functions of receptors and effectors? | A receptor detects a change in the environment, an effector produces a chance which counteracts the change |
| Why is it important that the human body temperature is kept at around 37 degrees Celsius? | This is the optimal temperature for most enzymes in the body. |
| Describe how vasodilation aids heat loss from the body. | Blood vessels closer to the skin widen. This allows more blood to flow closer to the surface of the skin so it can radiate more heat into the surroundings. |
| Name three things that are removed from the body in urine | Ions, water, waste |
| Why is it important to eat carbohydrates as part of a balanced diet? | They are a good source of energy |
| Name a health problem that eating too much salt can cause | High blood pressure |
| Give three possible effects of eating too little. | Slow growth in children Irregular periods in women Fatigue |
| Does exercising regularly increase or decrease your metabolic rate? | Increase |
| Why is having a high blood cholesterol level a health risk? | It increases your risk of heart disease |
| Name one thing to look out for when evaluating a claim about a slimming product | Was the report written by someone associated with the company? |
| The right amount of carbohydrates and vitamins are needed for a healthy, balanced diet. Name one other food group that is needed for a healthy, balanced diet | Any one of protein/fibre/minerals/fats |
| Some people are said to be malnourished. Define the term malnourished | Having a diet that is badly unbalanced. |
| Explain why the heart's muscle cells need their own blood supply | To deliver the nutrients and oxygen to keep the heart beating continually |
| What is the purpose of valves in veins? | To help keep the blood flowing in the right direction |
| How many cells thick is the walls of a capillary? | One |
| Why are normal heart rate measurements given as a range of values? | Because of individual differences |
| Why might you undertake a genetic study when investigating the cause of heart disease? | To see if there are any genetic similarities between people who get heart disease |
| Name two chemicals found in cigarette smoke that can increase the risk of heart disease. | Nicotine and carbon monoxide |
| Explain how drinking excessive amounts of alcohol can affect the risk of heart disease | Increases blood pressure, increases risk of heart disease |
| Heart disease is more common in industrialised countries than non-industrialised countries. Explain why. | People in industrialised countries usually have more money and can afford a diet that's high in fat i.e. fast food. They also normally need to move less |
| What is a drug? | A substance that alters chemical reactions in the body |
| Why might a patient be prescribed statins? | To lower their risk of heart and circulatory disease |
| Name two illegal recreational drugs. | Cannabis and ecstasy |
| Name one legal drug to which people may become addicted | Tobacco |
| Explain why an athlete may choose to take steroids. | To improve their sporting ability |
| Name one disadvantage of steroids in sport | Unfair |
| What is a pathogen? | A microorganism that enters the body and causes diseases |
| Explain how viruses damage your cells | By replicating inside them |
| What are antigens? | Unique molecules on the surfaces of cells/pathogens/microorganisms |
| What are antibiotics designed to do? | To prevent the growth of harmful pathogens. |
| Why are cultures of microorganisms grown at temperatures no higher than 25 degrees in school laboratories? | To prevent the growth of harmful pathogens |
| What is an epidemic? | A big outbreak of disease |
| What is a pandemic? | When a disease spreads all over the world |
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