9544445
Description
Flashcards by Kristina Redd, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kristina Redd
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What tissues don't experience FA catabolism? | RBCs and brain |
| What type of oxidation does catabolism require? | B-oxidation |
| What is the result of B-oxidation in catabolism? | acetyl-CoA and 5 ATP |
| How much ATP results from acetyl-CoA entering the Krebs cycle? | 12 ATP |
| What are fatty acids stored as in adipose tissue and muscle? | triglycerides |
| What do FAs bind to when transported in the blood? | albumin |
| What enzyme is used to transfer TF into FA in adipose tissue? | hormone-sensitive lipase |
| Where are ketone bodies made? | Liver |
| What alcohol is attached to the FAs before being stored as triglycerides? | glycerol-p |
| Breakdown: TG --> FA --> _____ . What is the form of energy? | ATP |
| Most of the body lives on FA oxidation. Glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis occur where? | liver |
| Where are FAs activated and primed for metabolism? | cytosol |
| What enzyme is used to make an activated fatty acid from fatty acid + CoA? | thiokinase |
| Why does a FA need to be oxidized? Where does the site of this oxidation occur? | needs to get inside the mitochondria, site of FA oxidation |
| How many ATP are required to activate a FA (that happens in the cytosol)? | 2 ATP |
| What molecule carries FA into the mitochondria? | carnitine |
| How many carbons in a FA chain does it require to complete B-oxidation and make 2C acetyl-CoA? | all of the C atoms in the FA |
| What is THE major source of biological energy production during fasting? | B-oxidation of FAs |
| What is significant about the B-oxidation of FAs that does not occur in the Krebs Cycle oxidation? | B-oxidation results in acetyl-CoA + same carbon chain (FA) that we started with. Recycling mechanism. |
| How many ATP result in accumulating 1 FADH2 from the B-oxidation cycle? | 2 ATP |
| How many ATP result in accumulating 1 NADH from the B-oxidation cycle? | 3 ATP |
| How many ATP result in accumulating 1 acetyl-CoA from the B-oxidation cycle? | 12 ATP |
| What cells primarily use FA for energy metabolism? | hepatocytes and adipocytes |
| How is acetyl-CoA exported from the mitochondria to cytoplasm? | shuttled out as citrate |
| What drives FA synthesis? | decarboxylation |
| FA synthesis involves energy-driven (ATP) carboxylation of _____ to _____. | 2C acetyl-CoA --> 3C malonyl-CoA |
| The chemical reversal of B-oxidation is _______. | Fatty Acid synthesis |
| How are carbon atoms added on FA synthesis? | added 2 at a time using 3C malonyl-CoA |
| What is the intermediate for FA synthesis? | acyl carrier protein |
| Where does FA synthesis occur? | the cytosol |
| What is the primary co-enzyme for FA synthesis? | NADPH |
| How are carbon atoms removed in FA oxidation? | 2 at a time |
| How much energy does it cost for acetyl-CoA to exit the mitochondria as citrate/ | 1 ATP |
| What enzyme makes malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA? | acetyl-CoA carboxylase |
| What is the rate-limiting enzyme of FA synthesis? | acetyl-CoA carboxylase |
| At what point does FA synthesis stop? | 16C or 18C (palmitic and stearic acid) |
| How do elongases function? | extend FA by 2C units |
| What do desaturaes do? | add double bonds |
| What is the "longest reach" when referring to desaturases? | delta9 desaturase is the "longest reach" (9C from COOH end) |
| Which three FAs are essential? | Linoleic (18:2w6) linolenic (18:3w3) Arachidonate (20:4w6) |
| For FA synthesis, what are the two allosteric controls? | Citrate (and acetyl~CoA) in cytosol activate. Palmitate (end-product) feedback inhibits. |
| How many ATP for acetyl-CoA to be exported from the mitochondria? | 8 ATP |
| How many ATP does it require for 7 malonyl-CoA syntheses? | 7 ATP |
| How many ATP is offered by 2 NADPH? | 6 ATP |
| How do you calculate how much ATP is used to make FA from acetyl-CoA to store? | (8 ATP * # of cycles) + 1 |
| The net energy cost between FA synthesis and FA oxidation is ____ ATP. | 24 ATP (3 ATP/acetyl-CoA) |
| What is the general chemical equation to make a triglyceride? | glycerol + ATP + 3 fatty acyl-CoA |
| Identify. | phospholipid/diglyceride |
| What type of energy activates choline in the biosynthesis of a phospholipid? | CTP |
| What phospholipid is important for lung surfactant that can also cause respiratory distress for premature babies if missing? | Dipalmitoyl-PC |
| What is the energy input required in the synthesis of FAs? | ATP, NADPH |
| What molecules result from the Krebs Cycle [ox]? | FADH2, NADH, and water |
| What molecules result from the B-oxidation of FAs? | FADH2, NADH, and water |
| What is the multi-enzyme complex in cytosol used in FA synthesis? | FA synthase |
| What is chylomicrons (lymph)? | fat from gut repackaged and stored in adipose tissue… can also be functioned in skeletal muscles as proteins |
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