Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving

Barriers to Problem-Solving
1. * Students problems = Teacher designs a better plan
  1. Cognitive Strategies
  2. Learning styles
  3. Learning preferences
  4. Mental Models
  5. Assumptions
  6. Real and perceived constraints and threats
Tools for Problem-Solving
1. 1. Animation Software
  1. * Desing for all ages
    1. Eg. Illustrative concepts
2. 2. Case Studies
  1. *Focus on complex content
    1. case for each group
      1. present problems, and possible solutions
3. 3. Concept Maps
  1. Design a Visual information
    1. Determine relations with information
4. 5. Dialogue and Questions
  1. Scaffold
    1. develop by asking questions
      1. prepare a discussion
        write questions by online
5. 6. Digital Recordings (Audio and Video)
  1. create in many devices
    1. express and share ideas, opinions.
      1. collect information (interviews)
6. 6. Flowcharts
  1. structures diagrams
    1. register information progress
      1. E.g. Computer, Programmin- Use logical reasoning
7. 7. Geographic information system (GIS)
  1. extensive Computer Program
    1. Visualizae , Analize, Geographic Data
      1. oning new schoolE.g Prange Conty,Schools uses GIS for razn
    2. 8. Learning Contracts
      1. teachers and instructors
        explore problem-solving abilities for solutions
        E.G REsearch students use notecards to present topics
        9. Mind Maps
        graphic representations
        dissert a content in a pieces
        E.g. support students to analize the parts of a topic
        10. Peer Learning
        participants serveas advisors
        explain a provide a feedback
        Eg. Ss form groups and chek a problem-solving task
        11. Statistical Software
        Software program
        Perform quantitative data
        Eg. users can identify the most appropriate statical test
        12. Three- Dimensional Modeling
        specialized software
        portrays a 3D model of an object
        Eg. Assisst learners to understand design processes
        13. Virtual Reality Programs
        involces waening eyepieces
        Eg. educators acelerate problem-solving with virtual experiences
8. 4. Databases
  1. free access for public web pages
    1. Government, MINEDUC
Critical thinking
1. 1. Bloom't Taxonomy (1956)
  1. Cognitive process
    1. Transition into higher-order thinking skills
2. 2. Laxman, 2010; Nosich, 2011; Shah, 2010; Winch, 2006
  1. - Systematic approach:
    1. - evaluates information
      1. - develops viable solutions
        - tests solutions: solves problems
  2. " - Critical thnker's characteristics (Jonassen et al.,2003; Thompson, 2011)"
    1. - creative
      1. - curious
        - simple answers are not enough
        - multiple solutions
3. 3. Foundation for Critical Thinking (2007)
  1. - Elder and Paul (2007)- Element standards:
    1. 1. Generating puposes
      1. 2. Raising questions
        3. Using information
        4. Using concepts
        5. Making inferences
        6. Making assumptions
        7. Generating implications
        8. Embodying a point of view
  2. - Elder and Paul (2010)- Universal intellectual standards:
    1. 1. Clarity
      1. 2. Accuracy
        3. Precision
        4. Relevance
        5. Depth
        6. Breadth
        7. Logic
        8. Fairness
Problem-solving
1. Process:
  1. - Pose, test, refine solutions
    1. - Gain deeper, personal comprehension of the concepts and issues
      1. - Meaning-making
2. "Techniques Facilitate critical thinking reflection and meaning-making"
  1. - Peer dialogue
    1. - Questioning
      1. - Journaling
        - Think aloud
        - Presentation of solutions for others
        - Defending for the solution
        - Deconstructing the solution
3. Common model
  1. 1. Define the problem
    1. 2. Identify the root cause
      1. 3. Develop alternative solutions
        4. Choose a solution to test
        5. Test solution
        6. Evaluate result of testing
4. TASC Model
  1. 1. Gather/ organize knowledge about the task.
    1. 2. Identify what the task is.
      1. 3. Generate ideas about it.
        4. Decide which the best idea is.
        5. Implement the idea
        6. Evaluate the idea.
        7. Communicate tour idea
        8. Learn from your experience

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	Created by Grace Cadena over 4 years ago