103.3 Perform basic file management

How to Find Files
1. find STARTING_PATH OPTIONS EXPRESSION
  1. find . -name "myfile.txt"
  2. find /home/frank -name "*.png"
2. Using Criteria to Speed Search with find
  1. -type f archivo plano -type d archivo directorio -type l archivo link
    1. find . -type d -name "example"
  2. criterio
    1. -name
    2. -iname
    3. -not
    4. -maxdepth N
3. Locating Files by Modification Time
  1. sudo find / -name "*.conf" -mtime 7
4. Locating Files by Size
  1. sudo find /var -size +2G
    1. -size 100b
      1. -size +100k
        -size -20M
        -size +2G
Acting on the Result Set
1. find . -name "*.conf" -exec chmod 644 '{}' \;
Using grep to Filter for Files Based on Content
1. find . -type f -exec grep "lpi" '{}' \; -print
  1. find . -name "*.bak" -delete
Archiving Files
1. The tar Command (Archiving and Compresssion)
  1. --create (-c)
  2. --extract (-x)
  3. --list (-t)
  4. --verbose (-v)
  5. --file=archive=name (-f archive-name)
tar -cvf archive.tar stuff
1. -c Create an archive.
2. -v Display progress
3. -f Allows to specify the filename of the archive.
tar -cvf NAME-OF-ARCHIVE.tar /PATH/TO/DIRECTORY-OR-FILE
1. tar -cvf archive.tar stuff1 stuff2
2. tar -xvf archive.tar
3. tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp
Compressing with tar
1. tar -czvf name-of-archive.tar.gz stuff
2. tar -cjvf name-of-archive.tar.bz stuff
3. tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz
gzip FILE-TO-COMPRESS
1. gzip
  1. gunzip
2. bzip2
  1. bunzip2
The cpio Command
1. ls | cpio -o > archive.cpio
2. cpio -id < archive.cpio
The dd Command
1. dd if=oldfile of=newfile
2. dd if=oldfile of=newfile conv=ucase
3. dd if=/dev/sda of=backup.dd bs=4096
Guided Exercises
1. find /home/frank/Documents/ -type d
2. tar cvzf /home/frank/backup.tar.gz /home/frank/dir1
3. find /var -name *.backup
4. find /var -name *.backup -size +100M -size -1000M
5. find /var -name *.backup -size +100M -size -1000M -delete
6. tar -cvf db-first-quarter-2018.backup.tar db-jan-2018.backup db-feb-2018.backup db-march-2018.backup db-apr-2018.backup
  1. tar -zcvf db-first-quarter-2018.backup.tar.gz db-jan-2018.backup db-feb-2018.backup db-march-2018.backup db-apr-2018.backup
Find Criteria
1. -daystart
  1. -amin, -atime, -cmin, -ctime, -mmin, and -mtime
    1. -amin n
      1. File was last accessed n minutes ago.
    2. +n for greater than n
    3. -n for less than n
    4. n for exactly n.
    5. -atime n
      1. File was last accessed n*24 hours ago
    6. -cmin n
      1. File's status was last changed n minutes ago
    7. -ctime n
      1. File's status was last changed n*24 hours ago
    8. -a : accesado -c:change, -m:modified
Exampes find
1. find /tmp -name core -type f -print | xargs /bin/rm -f
  1. los nombres que contienen comillas simples o dobles, espacios o nuevas líneas no se manejan correctamente
2. find /tmp -name core -type f -print0 | xargs -0 /bin/rm -f
  1. los nombres que contienen comillas simples o dobles, espacios o nuevas líneas se manejan correctamente
    1. -printf0
      1. Le dice a find que imprima todos los resultados en std, cada uno separado con el carácter ASCII NUL "\ 000"
  2. xargs -0 Le dice a xargs que la entrada se separará con el carácter ASCII NUL "\ 000"
3. find . -type f -exec file '{}' \;
4. find / $ -perm -4000 -fprintf /root/suid.txt '%#m %u %p\n' $ , \ $ -size +100M -fprintf /root/big.txt '%-10s %p\n' $
5. find $HOME -mtime 0
6. find /sbin /usr/sbin -executable \! -readable -print
7. find . -perm 664
  1. find . -perm -664
    1. find . -perm /222
8. find . -perm /220 find . -perm /u+w,g+w find . -perm /u=w,g=w
9. find . -perm -220 find . -perm -g+w,u+w
10. find . -perm -444 -perm /222 \! -perm /111 find . -perm -a+r -perm /a+w \! -perm /a+x
11. find -type d -fprint allDirs -o -type f -fprint allFiles
12. sudo find . -name \*.php -type f -exec grep -Hn '$test' {} \;
  1. find . -name \*.php -type f -exec grep -Hn '$test' {} \+
    1. find . -name \*.php -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 grep -Hn '$test'
      1. find . -name \*.php -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -Hn '$test'
        Si no se especifica -n [int], xargs usa el valor predeterminado de -n5000
        time find . -name \*.php -type f -exec grep -Hn '$test' {} \
        time: determine tiempo de ejecucion
        time find . -name \*.php -type f -exec grep -Hn '$test' {} \+
        time find . -name \*.php -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 grep -Hn '$test'
        time find . -name \*.php -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -grep -Hn '$test'
      2. -n1 Le dice a xarg que ejecute el comando [cmd] con un solo argumento (en este caso, solo se encuentra un archivo mediante la búsqueda).
13. find . -name \*.log -mtime +30 | xargs -n 500 rm
  1. find . -name \*.log -mtime +30 -print0 | xargs -0 -n 500 rm
    1. eliminar 1.2 millones de archivos en un directorio de más de 30 días
14. find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -size 1205c -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l
  1. find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -size 1205G -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l

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103.3 Perform basic file management

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	Created by Rolando Martinez almost 4 years ago