Internal Functioning of a Computer

Microprocessor (CPU)
1. The brain and most important part of a computer
2. Control Unit (CU)
  1. Organizes and controls the data and its flow
3. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
  1. Executes arithmetic operations
4. it analize and execute the orders it recives
  1. Instructions for the microprocessor:
    1. Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
      1. Bigger capacity
    2. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
      1. Faster
  2. Works by clock cycles
5. Microprocessor brands
  1. AMD (American Micro Devices)
  2. Intel
  3. Motorola
  4. VIA Technologies
  5. Transmeta
6. they work on parallel or serial
  1. Executes orders in a sequence, changing processes in microseconds
  2. Executes orders simultaneously
Performance of microprocessors
1. Clock Speed
  1. Measured in hertz or Mega/Gigahertz
  2. Number of cycles (instructions executed) performed in a second
2. Cache Memory (main memory)
  1. Provides the fastest acces to data
  2. Primary memory
  3. Stores the most frequently requested data
  4. First place where the microprocessor looks for info.
3. Size of the word
  1. Number of bits a microprocessor can handle at the same time
  2. 32 or 64 bits, generally
Compartment of the desktop
1. Circuit Cards and Storing devices
2. Power source
  1. "feeds" the computer so that it can work
3. Fan: it keeps the computer temperature on level
4. Motherboard
  1. it is the bridge or connection of the devices to the computer
Memory
1. Random Acces Memory (RAM)
  1. Primary memory
  2. Small capacity, great speed
  3. When it cannot store everything, the order passes directly to the Hard Drive, which is bigger but slower
  4. maximum of 16 gb
  5. more gb = faster computer
2. Read Only Memory (ROM)
  1. Secondary memory
  2. more capacity compered to RAM, but slower
  3. Looks for information via revolutions
3. Complementary Metal Oxid Semiconductor (CMOS)
  1. Reading and writing memory
  2. Works with a battery that is charged when the computer is on
  3. Registers time and date, along with characteristics of installed hardware
4. Flash Memory
  1. Reading and Writing Memory
  2. Holds data when computer is off
  3. Mainly used in portable devices
Peripheal Devices
1. Devices such as mouses, keyboards, etc. connected by ports
2. Universal Serial Bus (USB)
  1. Compatibility with all computers
  2. easy to use
  3. automatic run
3. HDMI
  1. Connection to tv's, sengs 64 bits at a time
4. cable connection = BUS
  1. Bus 1
    1. Connects processor to the memory
  2. Bus 2
    1. Connects processor to Peripheal devices
Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
1. 1. Ali J. Elias Acha
    1. A01066294
      1. 14/08/15
parts
1. input
  1. This term refers to those components that allow the data and instructions to enter the computer.
2. output
  1. Those components that show information to users
Cárdenas González, David. Esparza Martínez, Martha I., Muñoz Lezama, Juan Arturo, Muñoz Roman, Octavio A., Quezada Mora, Selenia, Del Vivar Plascencia, Verónica & González Barranco, A. (2015). Logical Thinking: Editorial Digital Tecnológico de Monterrey.

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