null
US
Sign In
Sign Up for Free
Sign Up
We have detected that Javascript is not enabled in your browser. The dynamic nature of our site means that Javascript must be enabled to function properly. Please read our
terms and conditions
for more information.
Next up
Copy and Edit
You need to log in to complete this action!
Register for Free
8549976
Physics P1
Description
GCSE Physics Mind Map on Physics P1, created by Rick Wear on 16/04/2017.
No tags specified
aqa
gcse physics
p1
physics
gcse
Mind Map by
Rick Wear
, updated more than 1 year ago
More
Less
Created by
Phoebe Drew
almost 10 years ago
Copied by
Rick Wear
over 7 years ago
Copied by
Rick Wear
over 7 years ago
3
0
0
Resource summary
Physics P1
Energy Transfer by Heating
infrared Radiationi
Form of electromagnetic wave
Emitted by all objects
Detected as heat
Surfaces and Radiation
Black matt surfaces both emit and absorb IR the best
White shiny surfaces are the worst absorbers and emitters of IR
States of Matter
Solid
Particles in uniform format, vibrating in a fixed position
Liquid
Particles move about at random
Still in contact with each other
Gas
Move about randomly with high kinetic energy
Particles much further apart and not in contact
Conduction
Conduction in Metals
Metals are best conductors
Delocalised free electrons transfer vibration down the material by colluding with the other particles
Insulator- Poor conductor
Particles near the heat source gain kinetic energy and vibrate more. This movement is passed on to neighbouring particles
Convection
Occurs in fluids
Heating causes the fluid to become less dense, therefore it rises and is replaced by the cooler particles
Causes convection currrent
Evaporation and Condesation
Evaporation
When a liquid turns into a gas
Particles with the highest kinetic energy escape, taking energy with it, causing cooling
Rate increased by
Increasing surface area of liquid
increasing temperature of liquid
Draught across surface
Condensation
When gas turns to liquid
Rate increased by
Increasing surface area
Reducing surface temperature
Energy Transfer by Design
Heat goes from hot to cold
Greater the temperature difference between object and surroundings, wuicker energy is transfered
Maximise transfer
Use good conductors
Matt black
Air flow
Minimise transfer
Use of insulators
White and shiny
Trapped air
Specific Heat Capacity
Energy required to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
Greater mass more energy needed
E=mass x SHC x temp. change
J/kg(o)C
Heating and Insulating Buildings
Using Energy
Forms of Energy
Annotations:
Light Sound Kinetic Thermal Nuclear Gravitational Potential Elastic Potential Magnetic Electrical Chemical
Transferred from one type to another
Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Total energy always the same
Useful Energy
Useful Energy- Transferred where and in the form we want
Wasted Energy- Not useful energy
All eventually transferred to surroundings, making it harder to use
Energy and Efficiency
Efficiency= (Useful energy/ Total energy supplied) x100
Can't be more than 100% efficient
Represented in Sankey diagram
Electrical Energy
Electrical Appliances
Transfers electricity into any useful form
Should waste as little energy as possible
Electrical Power
Power- Rate it transfers energy
Watt
1kW=1000W
Power= Energy/ Time
Using Electrical Energy
Kilowatt-hour- Energy transferred to kW appliance in an hour
Energy= Power x Time
kw=kW x h
Total cost= Number of kWh x Cost per kWh
Cost Effectiveness Matters
Best value for money
Payback Time- Time for appliance to save same as it cost
Payback Time= Cost/ Saving per year
Generating Electricity
Fuel for Electricity
Fossil fuel burnt to turn wter to steam
Steam turn turbine and generator, generating electricty
Biofuel, obtained from living organisms, could be burnt instead
Uranium can undergo fission to heat water
Energy from Wind and Water
Wind
Turns turbines directly
Water
Hydroelectric
Water flowing downhill to turn turbine
Wave
Uses movement of waves to drive floating turbine
Tidal
Barrage traps water at high tide to fall down, turning the turbine
Power from the Sun and the Earth
Solar
Solar cells convert sunlight to electrical energy
Solar heating heats water directly
Geothermal
Cold water pumped on to hot rocks, generating steam, which turns the turbine
Energy and the Environment
The National Grid
Distributes electricity to homes
Step-up and step-down transformers used to reduce current in wires, reducing heat loss
230V
Big Energy Issues
Base Load- Average demand of electricty
Covered by coal, oil and nuclear
Variable demand met by gas power stations, as they have shortest start up time
Waves
Nature of Waves
Transverse- Vibration perpendicular to direction
Longitudinal- Vibration parallel to direction
Measuring Waves
Amplitude- Height of wave crest
Wavelength- Distance from one crest to next
Frequency- Waves past a point in 1 second
Hertz- Hz
Velocity= Freq. x Wavelength
Reflection
Normal perpendicular to surface
Angle of Incidence= Angle of Refraction
Image in a mirror is: same size, upright, laterally inverted virtual
Refraction
Change of direction when light enters a new substance
More dense- Towards normal
Less dense- Away from normal
Diffraction
Spreading of waves though a gap
Most notable if wavelength same as gap
Sound
Longitudinal waves
Need particles to travel
Musical Sound
Higher freq.= Higher pitch
Higher amplitude= Louder note
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Annotations:
Radio Microwaves Infrared Visible light UV X- Rays Gamma
Radio is largest
Gamma is smallest
Can travel through vacuum
Light, Infrared, Microwaves and Radio Waves
White light contains all colours of the spectrum
All used for communiaction
Communication
Radio waves used for communication
Microwaves used for satellite TV
Mobile phones may not be safe- research needed
Expanding Universe
Doppler Effect- Waves compressed in direction of movement, spread out behind
Galaxy- Large collection of stars
Red Shift- Light observed from galaxies shifted towards longer wavelength, so are moving away from us
Further away, bigger the red shift
Big Bang
Release of energy from an initial point
Continually been expanding
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation- Electromagnetic radiation created just after Big Bang
Show full summary
Hide full summary
Want to create your own
Mind Maps
for
free
with GoConqr?
Learn more
.
Similar
AQA Physics P1 Quiz
Bella Statham
Physics P1
themomentisover
Aqa GCSE physics equations quiz
Eve Cooper
GCSE AQA Physics - Unit 3
James Jolliffe
GCSE AQA Physics 1 Energy & Efficiency
Lilac Potato
P2 Radioactivity and Stars
dfreeman
Waves
kate.siena
Forces and their effects
kate.siena
Geography Coastal Zones Flashcards
Zakiya Tabassum
GCSE Biology AQA
isabellabeaumont
Germany 1918-39
Cam Burke
Browse Library