100111
Kobe - Japan 1995
- What?
- 5:46 am
- 17th January 1995
- Philippines plate
shifted underneath
Eurasian plate
along Nojima fault
line beneath Kobe
- 10 million people affected
- 7.2 richter scale, 20s tremors
- 6434 dead, over 40,000 seriously injured,
180,000 houses, 300,000 homeless
- 5:46 am
- Why?
- Philippines plate moves towards Eurasian
plate and is forced down as is oceanic
- Plates jam together and pressure builds up
- Pressure is suddenly released and plates jerk forwards
- (During the earthquake the ground moved up to
50cm horizontaly and up to 1m vertically)
- Philippines plate moves towards Eurasian
plate and is forced down as is oceanic
- Effects
- Primary
- 180,000
buildings
collapsed
- Sections of elevated road collapsed
- Bridges collapsed
- Railway lines wrecked
- At the port,
cranes fell and
120/150 quays
were
destroyed
- 180,000
buildings
collapsed
- Secondary
- 2 million
homes
without
electricity
- 1 million
without
water for
10 days
- Fires from
gas pipes
and
electricity
cables
(damage to
roads and
water
supply
sometimes
meant
impossible
to put out
fires)
- Gridlocked
roads
delayed
ambulances
and fire
engines
- 230,000
homeless in
temporary
shelters with
a shortage
of blankets,
clean water
and food
- Afraid to
return home
as 74-716
recorded
aftershocks
could be
felt
- $220
billion
- Severe
damage
to
industry
- Older buildings collapsed but the 'high
tech' and "withstanding earthquake
construction" Konsair international airport
and Akashi bridge were undamaged
- 2 million
homes
without
electricity
- Primary
- Responses
- Short term:
- Friends
and
neighbours
searched
rubble for
survivors
- 200 fires
still
burning
under
control
24hrs later
- Nothing
moved
in or out
of Kobe
by
road/rail
for 3
days
- Hospitals
struggled
to cope
with the
many
injured
- Major retailers such as 7-eleven helped to
provide essentials and Motorola provided
telephone connections free
- 300,000 homeless given shelter in -2 degrees
- Friends
and
neighbours
searched
rubble for
survivors
- Long term:
- Railways
took a
long time
to open
again
- Ports took even longer (80% in 1 year)
- New laws passed to make buildings and transport more earthquake-proof (further
apart, flexible steel frames, houses made from fire resistance materials etc)
- Increase in use of seismic instruments
- Earthquake
drills
annually
- By July water,
electricity, gas
and telephone
were fully working
- 4 years later,
134,000 housing
units constructed but
some still living in
temporary housing
- Railways
took a
long time
to open
again
- Short term:
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