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Cardiovascular disease
Description
A-Levels Biology (Circularatory system) Mind Map on Cardiovascular disease, created by hannah.lindridge on 20/05/2013.
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biology
circularatory system
biology
circularatory system
a-levels
Mind Map by
hannah.lindridge
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
hannah.lindridge
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Cardiovascular disease
Most start with Artheroma formation
Wall of artery made up of several layers
Endothelium (inner lining) usually smooth and unbroken
Damage occurs to endothelium e.g by ^bp, white blood cells and lipids from blood clump together under lining to form fatty streaks
Over time more WBCs, lipids and connective tissue build up & harden to form fibrous plaque called an artheroma
This plaque partially blocks lumen of artery and restricts blood flow causing ^bp
Increase risk of Aneurysm and Thrombosis
Balloon-like swelling of artery
Artheroma plaques damage/weaken arteries. Also narrows them ^bp
When blood travels through weakened artery at ^bp it may push inner layers through outer elastic layer to form aneurysm
Aneurysm may burst to cause haemorrhage (bleeding)
Formation of blood clot
Artheroma plaque can rupture endothelium
Damages wall leaving rough surface
Platelets & fibrin (a protein) accumulate at site of damage to form blood clot (thrombus)
Clot can cause complete blockage of artery or can become dislodged & block blood vessel elsewhere in body
Debris from rupture can cause another blood clot further down artery
Interrupted blood flow to heart can cause a Myocardial Infarction
Heart muscle supplied with blood by coronary arteries- contains oxygen needed by <3 to respire
If C.A becomes completely blocked (e.g blood clot) area of <3 totally cut off from blood supply- receives no oxygen
Causes Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
Can cause damage/death to <3 muscle
Symptoms- pain in chest/upper body, shortness of breath, sweating
If large areas of <3 affected complete <3 failiure can occur (often fatal)
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