Language Teaching Methods

Elements for effective learning / ESA
1. Study (language acquisition)
2. Activate (give students the chance to put knowledge into practice)
3. Engage (students) emotionally and intellectually
LANGUAGE-CENTRED METHODS
1. Concerned with linguistic forms Entail form-focused exercises
  1. Language development is more intentional than incidental
    1. Language learning is treated as a linear, additive process
2. Grammar Translation (GT)
  1. Grammar is seen as 'the building blocks' of the language
  2. Learners are expected to read literature in that language.
  3. Learning is a matter of memorization of the expert knowledge of the teacher
3. Audiolingual approach
  1. Based on behaviourist theories of learning
  2. It appears during WWII as a mean to learn languages quickly and effectively
  3. Learners are viewed as organisms that can be directed by skilled training techniques to produce correct responses
  4. The teacher has a central and active role; it is a teacher-dominated method.
4. Direct Method
  1. The teacher is a model and a coach
  2. Language as a tool for communication, produced spontaneously
  3. Language learning as a skill, developed consciously and through association.
LEARNER-CENTRED METHODS
1. Concerned with learner needs, wants and situations Provide meaning-focused activities
  1. Language development is more intentional than incidental
    1. Aims at making learners grammatically accurate and communicatively fluent
2. The Total Physical Response (TPR)
  1. Teaches language through physical (motor) activity
  2. Activities include games and skits
  3. Provides an enjoyable learning experience
  4. The teacher plays an active and direct role and learners listen and perform
3. The Silent Way
  1. Students learn the sounds of language from a color-coded chart
  2. The teacher remains silent and uses gestures, charts, and manipulatives in order to elicit and shape student responses
  3. Aimed at developing independence and inner criteria for correctness
4. Suggestopedia
  1. Learners are given a new identity and they work through extremely long dialogues
  2. The teacher is both authority and guide
  3. Aims to deliver advanced conversational proficiency quickly
5. Community Language Learning (CLL)
  1. Students become members of a community and learn through interaction within it
  2. The teacher role is that of a counselor
LEARNING-CENTRED METHODS
1. Concerned with cognitive processes / Present problem-solving tasks
  1. Learners are expected to achieve linguistic and pragmatic knowledge
    1. Language development is a cyclical, spiral process, more incidental than intentional
2. Task-based Learning (TBL)
  1. Rejects formal grammar instruction
  2. Learners carry out an initial task, then witness native speakers performing the same task, to then repeat it more effectively
3. Natural Approach
  1. Exposes learners to 'comprehensible input', through the acquisition of grammatical structures which proceed in a predictable order
  2. Humanistic approach: engages learners emotionally and cognitively
  3. Language is viewed as a vehicle for communicating meanings and messages
4. PresentationPracticeProduction (PPP)
  1. Learning as a three-stage skill: cognitive, associative and autonomous
  2. The teacher presents the context and situation for the language; then explains and demonstrates meaning and form
  3. Language learning follows a syllabus of pre-selected grammatical structures
METHOD
1. A set of classroom specifications for accomplishing linguistic objectives, concerned with:
  1. teacher and student roles and behaviors
  2. linguistic and subject-matter: objectives, sequencing and materials

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Language Teaching Methods

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	Created by Mariana Mendez about 7 years ago