All music has musical
elements, but the
configuration depends on
country and culture.
Product of human
behavior, which varies
from culture to culture.
Best understood in the
context it was created
Classification
China: materials
Victor Mahillion:
materials Curt
Sachs& Eric van
Hornbostel: sound
production
Curt Sachs & Eric van Hornbostel : Sound production
Organology
membranophone
Aerophone
Idiophone
Chordophone
Fiddle: bowed
Harp: plucked toward person
Lute: held in front
Lyre: plucked side to side
Zither: plucked horizontal
Sonic Level
Pitch (Rate of vibrations per sec)
Note (visual rep of pitch)
Interval (Distance b/w notes/pitches)
Melody (organization of pitches)
Harmony (2 or more pitches @
the same time) aka texture
Organum: earliest form, parallel
Homophony: same sound moving together
Polyphony: moving independently
Heterophony: two or more melodies at once
Temporal Level
beat (smallest=pulse. crossing soundwaves)
meter (reg division of time
tempo
(speed)
Rythmis pattern/
standard pattern/
timeline pattern
MIDDLE EAST/ARABIC
islam 621AD, istanbul= gateway for culture spread
MELODIC IMPROVISATION & ORNAMENTATION
produces a "linear" harmonic texture
Classical
Chordophone
NASAL quality
melodic (improv and be creative as possible)
rhythmic (creative w/n diff beats) ABA Structure
composed on the spot, not written down
Maquam
Folk
Aerophones
learned, not improvised.
For/By common folk for
dancing
call to prayer
minerits
Instruments
Ud: Lute (bent neck)
11 strings eagle
feather, no fret
Saz: Lute (frets) 7
strings, plucked
with pick
Santur: Zither, half
hexagon, 4per
pitch, mallets
Qanun: zither,
metal picks on
fingers, trapezoid
Cymbalum: Zither,
like piano, mallet
Rebab: fiddle, 2
strings, bow, no fret
Zuma: aerophone,
double reed,
classical and
musical,
Darabuka:
membranophone,
single head,body is
decorated, single
wood/clay
AFRICA
geography
Pan-arabic Empire
Sudanic Belt
Bantu World
Sahel
border, ex-french colonies,
climate >14in of rain
name changes
burkina faso = upper volta
ethipia = abissini, punt
Cen afr = bangui shari
malawi = nyassaland
zimbabwe = rhodesia
rep of nambia = south west africa
free state of congo =
belgium congo =
dem rep of congo =
zaire = dem rep of
congo