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11282235
Minerals
Description
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geology
Mind Map by
Jessica Frederick
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Jessica Frederick
about 8 years ago
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Resource summary
Minerals
Silicates
Tectosilicates (Framework Silicates) [SiO2]
Silica Group (Silica Oxide)
Quartz (SiO2)
High Quartz (Hexagonal)
Low Quartz (Rhombohedral)
Cristobalite (SiO2)
High temp; low pressure. Quenched
snowflake obsidian
Tridymite (SiO2)
High temp; low pressure. Quenched
not as high temp as cristobalite
Coesite (SiO2)
high temp; high pressure
found naturally in impact craters or subducted metamorphic rocks
monoclinic
Stishovite (SiO2)
higher temp and pressure than coesite
tetragonal
Feldspar Group
Potassium Feldspars (Potassium Aluminum Silicate; Alkali Feldpsars)
Annotations:
potassium aluminum silicate Alkali Feldspars
Orthoclase KAlSi3O8
monoclinic
found in granites. normal cooling rate. Al found in either T1 site
T1
T2
T2
T1
"crankshaft" tetrahedron arrangement
Sanidine (K,Na)AlSi3O8
monoclinic
found in lavas. Quenched. Al in any site
Microcline KAlSi3O8
triclinic
has a characteristic twinning. very slow cooling. Al in a single T1 site
possess exsolution lamellae (viens); polysynthetic twinning cannot be seen
Plagioclase Feldspars (Sodium/Calcium Silicate)
Albite NaAlSi3O8
Sodium rich plagioclase
Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8
Calcium rich plagioclase
Posseses polysyntheic twinning, seen as striations. Light interacting with the faces show a play of colors. Labradorescence
Feldspathoid Group
Leucite KAlSi2O6
found in basalts
Nepheline (Na,K)AlSiO4
silicon deficient albite
not a nesosilicate
forms when magma is silica deficient
Zeolite Group
Sodalite Na3Al3Si3O12
dark blue
Other
Beryl Be3Al2Si6O18
Cordierite (Mg,Fe)2Al4Si5O18
Phyllosilicates (Sheet Silicates) [Si2O5]2-
Serpentine Group
Chrysotile Mg6Si4O10(OH)8
silica and brucite sheets
"TO" arrangement, van der vaals
Clay Mineral Group
Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4
silica and gibbsite sheets
"TO" arrangement, van der vaals
Pyrophyllite Al2Si4O10(OH)2
silica and gibbsite sheets
"TO" arrangement? van der vaals
Talc Mg3SiO10(OH)2
silica and brucite sheets
"TOT" arrangement, van der vaals
Mica Group
Biotite Series
Phlogopite KMg3(AlSi3O10)
"TOT" arrangement, like talc but with K in between instead of van der vaals
silica and brucite sheets
Biotite K(Fe,Mg)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
silica and brucite sheets
Other Micas
Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
"TOT" arrangement with K in between
silica and gibbsite sheets
Lepidolite K(Li,Al)2-3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Chlorite Group
Chlorite
variable combinations of talc and brucite
Cyclosilicates (Ring Silicates)
Tourmaline (Na,Ca)(Fe,Mg,Al,Li)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4
Inosilicates (Chain Silicates) [Si2O6]4-
Pyroxene Group
Orthopyroxene
Enstatite Mg2Si2O6
lower left corner of triangle
Ferrosilite Fe2Si2O6
lower right corner of triangle
Clinopyroxene (Diopside-Hedenburgite Series)
Diopside CaMgSi2O6
50% Ca, Mg side
Hedenbergite CaFeSi2O6
50% Ca, Fe side
Other Clinopyroxenes
Pigeonite (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6
thin area above lower most part of triangle
Augite (Ca,Mg,Fe,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)2O6
drop between diopside and hedenburgite
Jadeite NaAlSi2O6
High grade regional metamorphism
Acmite/Aegerine NaFeSi2O6
Na-rich granites (alkali granties)
Amphibole Group
Cummingtonite Series
Cummingtonite (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2
Grunerite Fe7Si8O22(OH)2
can be found as amosite asbestos. Fe in sea water=banded iron
Tremolite Series
Temolite Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2
from sandy dolomite
Actinolite Ca2(Fe,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2
regional metamorphism
Other Amphiboles
Anthophyllite Mg7Si8O22(OH)2
Glaucophane Na2MG3Al2Si8O22(OH)2
blue schist metamorphism
Hornblende (K,Na)0-1(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)5(Si6-8,Al2-0)O22(OH)2
K,Na in A-site (in between flat side of chains)
Amphibolite
Pyroxenoid Group
Wollastonite CaSiO3
Rhodonite MnSiO3
Pectolite NaCa2(SiO3)3H
Nesosilicates (Isolated Tetrahedral Silicates) [SiO4]4-
Garnet Group A3B2(SiO4)3
Pyralspite Series
Pyrope Mg3Al2Si3O12
metamorphic
Almandine Fe3Al2Si3O12
metamorphic
Spessartine Mn3Al2Si3O12
in clay
Ugrandite Series
Uvarovite Ca3Cr2Si3O12
green
Grossular Ca3Al2Si3O12
in clay
Andradite Ca3Fe2Si3O12
Olivine Group
Forsterite Mg2SiO4
Fayalite Fe2SiO4
Humite Group
Norbergite Mg3SiO4(OH,F)2
Chondrodite Mg5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2
Aluminosilicate Group
Andalusite Al2SiO5
contact metamorphism; orthorhombic
top section of diagram
Kyanite Al2SiO5
triclinic
left side of diagram
Sillimanite Al2SiO5
orthorhombic
right side of diagram
Sorosilicates (Paired Tetrahedral Silicates) [Si2O7]6-
Epidote Group
Epidote Ca2(Al,Fe)Al2O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)
Clinozoisite Ca2Al3OSiO4Si2O7(OH)
Native Element
Native Metal Group
Gold Au
Silver Ag
Platinum Pt
Copper Cu
Native Semimetal Group
Arsenic As
Antimony Sb
Bismuth Bi
Native Nonmetal Group
Diamond C
Graphite C
Sulfur S
Sulfide (X)S
Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 Copper Iron Sulfide
Bornite Cu5FeS4 Copper Iron Sulfide
Sphalerite ZnS Zinc Sulfide
Galena PbS Lead Sulfide
Pyrrhotite Fe1-xS Iron Sulfide
Pentlandite (Ni,Fe)9S8 Nickel/Iron Sulfide
Molybdenite MoS2 Molybenum(IV) Sulfide
Millerite NiS Nickel Sulfide
Cinnabar HgS Silver Sulfide
Covellite CuS Copper(II) Sulfide
Chalcocite Cu2S Copper(IV) Sulfide
Pyrite FeS2 Iron(IV) Sulfide
Marcasite FeS2 Iron(IV) Sulfide
Arsenopyrite FeAsS Iron Arsenic Sulfide
Orpiment As2S3 Arsenic Sulfide
Realgar AsS Arsenic Sulfide
Halide
Halite NaCl Sodium Chloride
Sylvite KCl Potassium Chloride
Fluorite CaF2 Calcium Fluoride
Carbonate
Calcite CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate
Magnesite MgCO3 Magnesium Carbonate
Siderite FeCO3 Iron Carbonate
Rhodochrosite MnCO3 Manganese Carbonate
Smithsonite ZnCO3 Zinc Carbonate
Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Calcium Magnesium Carbonate
Ankerite CaFe(CO3)2 Calcium Iron Carbonate
Aragonite CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate
Calcite polymorph
Witherite BaCO3 Barium Carbonate
Strontianite SrCO3 Strontium Carbonate
Cerussite PbCO3 Lead Carbonate
Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2 Copper Hydroxycarbonate
Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Copper Hydroxycarbonate
Trona Na3H(CO3)2*2H2O Sodium hydrocabonate 2H2O
Hydroxide
Gibbsite Al(OH)3 Aluminum Hydroxide
Brucite Mg(OH)3 Magnesium Hydroxide
Phosphate
Monazite (Ce,La,Th,Y)PO4 Cerium/Lanthanum/Thorium/Yttrium Phosphate
Apatite Ca(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl) Calcium Phosphate Hydroxide/Fluoride/Chloride
Pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl Lead Phosphate Chloride
Turquoise CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8*4H2O Hydrous Calcium Aluminum Phosphate Hydroxide
Sulfate
Anhydrite CaSO4 Calcium Sulfate
anhydrous gypsum
Barite BaSO4 Barium Sulfate
Celestite SrSO4 Strontium Sulfate
Anglesite PbSO4 Lead Sulfate
Gypsum CaSO4*2H2O Hydrous Calcium Sulfate
Oxide
Rutile TiO2 Titantium Oxide
Hematite Fe2O3 Iron(III) Oxide
Corundum Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide
Ilmenite FeTiO3 Iron Titanium Oxide
Cassiterite SnO2 Tin Oxide
Pyrolusite MnO2 Manganese Oxide
Manganese fireworks when oxidized "pyro"
Columbite (Fe,Mn)Nb2O6 Iron/Manganese Niobium Oxide
Tantalite (Fe,Mn)Ta2O6 Iron/Manganese Tantalum Oxide
Spinel MgAl2O4 Magnesium Aluminum Oxide
Magnetite Fe3O4 Iron Oxide
Chromite FeCr2O4 Iron Chromium Oxide
Uraninite UO2 Uranium Oxide
Borate
Borax Na2B4O5(OH)6*5H2O Sodium Boron Oxide Hydroxide Hydrate(5)
Ulexite NaCaB5O6(OH)6*5H2O Sodium Calcium Boron oxide Hydroxide Hydrate(5)
Tungstate
Huebnerite MnWO4 Manganese Tungstate
Ferberite FeWO4 Iron Tungstate
Scheelite CaWO4 Calcium Tungstate
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