Urban issues and challenges (block1-2)

Block 1 ( Urbanisation)
1. Urban trends
  1. Population steadily rose till around 1700
  2. 1st billion at 1800
  3. 6 billion in 2000
  4. 8 billion by 2025
  5. fertility rates are now declining
  6. in 2015 50% of the population lived in towns and cities
  7. by 2050 66% of the population will live in towns or cities
  8. india grew in the golden age of india and china grew in the Han dynasty
  9. during the industrial revolution and the invention of modern medicine there was a boom in population
  10. early growth followed the major rivers such as ganges
  11. cities generate 80% of the global GDP
  12. we use less than 17% of the worlds surface and can only grow crops on 4% of it
  13. Asia is home to 53% of the urban population and together with africa it will contribute 90% of the urban growth of the world
2. Megacities
  1. A city with a population over 10 million
  2. in 2015 there were 28
  3. by 2050 there may be 50
  4. most of the new megacities will be in china and india
  5. connurbations and agglomerations can create megacities
  6. censuses can be wrong and lied about
  7. the cities could be disrupted by war, sea levels and other things
  8. put more strain on food production and waste management
  9. they are harder to police, especially with the slum growth
  10. Tokyo is biggest megacity but mumbai, delhi, beijing and Dhaka are close
Block 2 (Rio de janiero, a major city in an LIC or NEE)
1. Rio and the causes of growth
  1. situated on Brazils atlantic coast
  2. was the capital of brazil until 1960
  3. 2nd largest city in south america and Brazil
  4. 5 ports, 3 airports
  5. held world cup 2014 and 2016 olympic games
  6. pop of 6.5 mil in city itself and 12.5 in the urban area
  7. manufacturing centre
  8. mass migration from many places such as: china, portugal, argentina, south korea and other parts of Brazil
  9. major tourist areas in the south of Rio
  10. olympic park made the west very wealthy
  11. North zone is manufacturing hub and is poorer than other parts
  12. 80% of brazilians live in cities
2. Growth has caused opportunities
  1. income per head is higher than in any other Brazilian city
  2. 6% of the employment in brazil
  3. largest steelworks in SA
  4. unemployment rates in favellas run at 20%
  5. the port has been improved
  6. tourists spentaround 1 billion during the olympics but rio may have spent more than they made
  7. solar pannels are being developed for the favellas
  8. the health and education is getting better
  9. E health allows Rio to see the health of most of its residents
3. growth has caused challenges
  1. Favellas are illegal settlements of self built houses on land that people do not own, they are areas of great social deprevation
  2. up to 1000 favellas in the Rio area
  3. some favellas have been 'pacified' to make rio seem better to businesses and tourists
  4. Favellas have no electicity, clean water, transport and sewer systems in many cases
  5. in every 23 arrests 1 person is killed, lots of violence and corruption
  6. houses are prone to landslides
  7. many murders in favellas
  8. high infant mortality rates
  9. average income is less than £75 a month in favellas
4. Favella Bairro project
  1. in 1995 a contract was signed with the bank and Rio government for £180 million from the bank and $120 million from the Rio government for the first stage, an identical budget was given for the second phase in 2000
  2. by 2005 around 100 favellas had been upgraded
  3. the residents choose the changes that they want to make to their communities and are used for the labour so they learn skills and want to keep their work intact so dont break it and deface it
  4. has improved life for thousands of people
  5. they cant use good materials so some infrastructure must be repaired soon after construction
  6. the workers are not very educated so in one case made the road higher than houses so the water runs into houses instead of down the road

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	Created by ben rowland almost 7 years ago