123491
Description
Mind Map by RoryFlynn2, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by RoryFlynn2
over 11 years ago
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2.3 - How can water supply be managed sustainably?
- Recycling 'Grey water'
- Grey water is slightly contaminated water - free
from faecal matter, grease and solids - only slight
bacterial contamination
- Used in places where water is
reasonably clean to begin with - not
polluted with chemicals
- Domestic grey water
can be pumped straight
back into homes if
collected separately from
black water
- Not safe to drink this water!
- Not safe to drink this water!
- Domestic grey water
can be pumped straight
back into homes if
collected separately from
black water
- Purification (by mechanical or
biological means) can make
grey water drinkable
- Most grey water is easier to treat
than 'black water' - less
contaminants
- Most grey water is easier to treat
than 'black water' - less
contaminants
- Ecological benefits
- Lower fresh water extractoin
- Less impact from
treatment infrastructure
- Topsoil nitrification
- Reduced energy
use and chemical
pollution
- Groundwater can recharge
- Increased plant growth
- Reclamation of nutrients
- Lower fresh water extractoin
- Disadvantages
- Potential pollution risk if
not reused correctly
- Increased health risks
- Has plumbing
requirements - complex
system
- Continuous maintenance
- Potential pollution risk if
not reused correctly
- Case study: Aquaco, UK
- Company which delivers grey water
- Company which delivers grey water
- Grey water is slightly contaminated water - free
from faecal matter, grease and solids - only slight
bacterial contamination
- NEWater, Singapore
- Water produced by Singapore's public utilities board
- Treated sewage water - purified using
dual membrane and ultra-violet tech +
conventional water treatment
- Drinkable water + consumed by humans
- However is mostly used in industry
requiring high amounts of water
- Currently produces
50% of daily water
needs
- Hopes to reach 100% by 2060
- Hopes to reach 100% by 2060
- Water produced by Singapore's public utilities board
- Desalinisation in Saudi Arabia
- Total cost of producing 1m cubed of
fresh water from the sea = $.5 to $1.5
for 1000 litres
- With pop of 7 billion - can provide
over 10 litres of clean water a day
for 1 cent
- It is sustainable -
but only to those
who can afford it!
- It is sustainable -
but only to those
who can afford it!
- Saudi Arabia environment
- Harsh, dry desert - great
temp extremes
- Largest country in world
without a permanent river
- Main source = aquifers
- Main source = aquifers
- Plentiful in petroleum,
natural gas, iron ore, gold
and copper
- Harsh, dry desert - great
temp extremes
- Fresh water withdrawal in 2000
- Total = 17km cubed per yr
- 10% domestic
- 1% industrial
- 89% agric
- 10% domestic
- 2.4km cubed of
renewable water
resources
- World's largest
producer of
desalinated water
- Saline Water Conversion Corporation
- 3 million m cubed per day
- 70% of the
water used in
Saudi Arabian
cities
- 70% of the
water used in
Saudi Arabian
cities
- 3 million m cubed per day
- Total = 17km cubed per yr
- Economic impact
- Expensive - £3.8 billion
- Cannot be acquired
easily by LEDCs
- High transport costs
- Cannot be acquired
easily by LEDCs
- Expensive - £3.8 billion
- Enviro impact
- Salt solution extracted - considered
industrial waste - cannot go back into
sea
- Reverse osmosis occuring
- Salt solution extracted - considered
industrial waste - cannot go back into
sea
- Total cost of producing 1m cubed of
fresh water from the sea = $.5 to $1.5
for 1000 litres
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