Bonding

Bonding

Ionic Compounds
1. Chemical bonds
  1. There are 3 types of strong chemical bonds
    1. Ionic
    2. Metallic
    3. Covalent
2. Ionic Bonding
  1. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, giving them an overall charge
  2. Ions have a complete outer shell of electrons
  3. Ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms
  4. The metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged ions
  5. non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions
  6. the ionic bond is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ion and the negative non-metal ion
3. Properties of ionic compounds
  1. ionic compounds are giant structures of ions
  2. They are held together by strong forces of attraction that act in all directions between oppositely charged ions
  3. ionic compounds
    1. high melting and boiling points
    2. don`t conduct electricity when solid because the ions can`t move
    3. conduct electricity when molten because the particles are free to move and carry their charge
Covalent Bonding
1. A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between atoms
2. where covalent bonds occur
  1. non-metallic elements
  2. compounds of non-metals
3. covalent bonds in molecules can be shown using dot and cross diagrams
4. covalent bonds are very strong
5. Small Molecules
  1. small molecules contain a relatively small number of non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds
  2. the molecules have no overall charge, so they can`t conduct electricity
  3. substance that consist of small molecules usually have low melting and boiling points
    1. this is because of weak intermolecular forces between the molecules
  4. these intermolecular forces are very weak compared to the strength of the covalent bondsin the molecules themselves
  5. the larger the molecules are the stronger the intermolecular forces between the molecules become
  6. larger molecules have higher melting and boiling points
6. giant covalent structures
  1. all the atoms in giant covalent structures are linked by strong covalent bonds
  2. these bonds must be broken for the substance to melt or boil
  3. means that giant covalent structures have very high melting and boiling points
  4. diamond is a form of carbon
    1. giant, rigid covalent structure (lattice)
    2. each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
    3. all the strong covalent bonds mean that it is a very hard substance with a very high melting point
    4. no charged particles, so it doesn`t conduct electricity

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	Created by Paige Louise over 6 years ago