Presented as ordinary young man with ordinary background
shows that anyone could fall victim to homelessness and dispel some of the myths/prejudices about
homelessness and what is to blame.
Link’s journey to homelessness is not extraordinary and is presented in a matter-of-fact way (he
seems very honest and doesn’t actively seek sympathy).
Home life is bad
Dad ran away with receptionist when he was 14 – out of his control,
mucked up school work for a while but still secured some qualifications (5 GCSEs = miracle due to
home situation)
Mother’s new partner, Vince, likes his drink, makes him feel uncomfortable, arguments, causes sister,
Carol, to move out
faces difficulties as there is no Government money for school leavers and no training places.
Vicious circle: jobs want experience but can’t get experience; goes to interviews but looks scruffy as
living on street.
Shelter
stark contrast to
Link
cruel and calculating nature
represents an ever present threat to the homeless and exploits their vulnerabilities
aim to rid the streets of what he considers to be
vermin.
His extreme views and actions are used by Swindells to emphasise people’s prejudiced attitudes and
at the same time show how vulnerable the homeless are.
name is ironic as is suggests protection and comfort which is the opposite of what he provides.
reflects his exploitative nature and how he uses the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of the homeless
against them
cruel and callous nature as he gets pleasure and amusement out of others’ suffering.
He also sees the murders as performing a much needed service and putting the homeless out of
their misery.
Shelter’s was a sergeant-major in the army but he was discharged on medical grounds
He views this as part of a ‘plot’ and is determined to rid the country of the ‘garbage
efficient killer and he is very calculating in how he goes about planning out his crimes. He buys a cat and clothes
to make him seem approachable and kindly.
In reality he despises cats and Swindells uses the details within his narrative to show how
appearances can be deceiving (just as people wouldn’t guess that Shelter is a serial killer, Swindells is
suggesting we don’t know anything about the individuals who live on the streets).
commits the murders by using the vulnerabilities of the homeless against them: he offers shelter,
food, money and, with Ginger, he uses his friendship with Link against him
Ginger
provides companionship for Link, which is something most homeless people don’t have
still maintain some distance by using nicknames and not always telling each other where they are
going
showing that it is very difficult to fully trust/rely on someone in this situation (again creating
sympathy)
Ginger teaches Link essential skills for surviving on the streets: how and where to beg, not being
open about the money/possessions you have, where to go for food/shelter
Swindells uses this to show how difficult things are and also to show how invaluable Ginger is and how
lucky Link is to have found him.
Link gets jealous of Ginger’s other friends and feels distanced from them – this shows his immaturity and total
reliance on Ginge
When Ginger goes missing, Swindells intensifies Link’s isolation and vulnerability as he questions his trust
in Ginger and makes him seem even more exposed.
Gail
comes into the narrative immediately after Ginger’s disappearance
Although Link tells himself he will never get this close to again, he immediately befriends Gail
takes on the role of passing on his knowledge of the streets to her
This shows the strong desire for companionship and how lonely and difficult living on the streets is
Gail behaves in a secretive manner at times and Link again gets jealous
the reader is also kept in the dark as to Gail’s true motives so we share Link’s perspective and see
how difficult it is to trust someone.
At the end, when we discover Gail is really a reporter, we are again shown how vulnerable the
homeless are to exploitation.
Gail uses Link’s need for companionship to get a story about the homeless without really considering
him as an individual and his difficulties