Types and methods of practice and transfer of skills

Whole Practice
1. The skill is practised from the start point to the end point with no breaks in the movement
2. Long Jump
3. Simple skill
4. Closed Skill
5. Self Paced Skill
6. Gross skill
7. Fine Skill
8. Discrete skill
9. High organisation skill
10. Low organisation skill
Progressive-Part Practice
1. Practicing each subroutine of a skill in order, gradually combine each subroutine, until the whole skill movement is complete
2. Swimming Stroke
  1. Arms then legs then breathing
3. Complex skill
4. Closed Skill
5. Self paced skill
6. Low organisation skill
Part Practice
1. The subroutines are practised individually
2. Practising the subroutines of a complex dive routine
  1. Each component is practised separately
3. complex skills
4. closed skills
5. self paced skills
6. serial skills
7. low organisation skills
Varied Practice
1. The environment is manipulated to allow a skill to be practised in numerous competitive situations
2. Shooting off left/right foot in football in response to a changing environment
  1. e.g. a defender going left or right
3. open skills
4. complex skill
5. externally paced skills
6. gross skills
7. fine skills
Fixed Practice
1. Repetition of practice drills allows the athlete to complete skills in sporting situations
2. Dribbling a football round cones
3. simple skills
4. complex skills
5. closed skills
6. self paced skills
7. gross skills
8. fine skills
9. discrete skills
10. serial skills
11. low organisation skills
12. high organisation skills
Whole-Part-Whole Practice
1. The athlete practices the skill as a whole (whole practice), then breaks the skill into subroutines (part practice)
2. Rugby conversion
3. closed skills
4. self-paced skills
5. low organisation skills
Massed Practice
1. Practice of a skill is uniterrupted by breaks or discussion, it is practiced as a whole movement
2. Long distance running (the actual performance)
3. simple skills
4. open skills
5. externally paced skills
6. self paced skills
7. gross skills
8. continuous skills
9. low organisation skills
Distributed Practice
1. Practice of a skill has breaks and dicussion at regular intervals
2. Long distance running
  1. Breaks inbetween for tactic talks
3. Simple Skill
4. Open Skill
5. Externally and self paced
6. Gross skill
7. Contnuous and low organisation skill
Positive Transfer
1. A previously learnt skill aids the learning of a new skill
2. trowing a baseball and to bowling in cricket
Negative Transfer
1. The negative effect a previously learnt skill can have on learning a new skill
2. a shot putter transferring to a javelin event
Proactive Transfer
1. A previously learnt skill affects the futher learning of a skill
2. Tennis movements being used in a squash match
Bilateral Transfer
1. The transfer of a skill from one side of the body to another
2. Learning to kick a ball with the left foot as well as the right foot
Retroactive Transfer
1. The effect a newly learnt skill has on a previously learnt skill
2. The technique used in cricket batting (new skill) affects the skill of baseball batting (old skill)

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Types and methods of practice and transfer of skills

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	Created by Rosie Tizzard over 6 years ago