Ancient Art History

Annotations:

• -hand axe -homo sapiens sapiens -artifact -relative dating= measuring age of artifact due to physical aspects.

1. -hand axe -homo sapiens sapiens -artifact -relative dating= measuring age of artifact due to physical aspects.

1. - red ocher -geometric -cross-hatched -body art

   Annotations:

   • red ocher, clay like material, reddish pigment

1. -Architecture -HEARTH -retractable roof

   Annotations:

   • HEARTH = crucial devide for survival. social and physical

1. -Ivory - Figurine - shamanism - phallus -toy (?)

   Annotations:

   • figurine= small sculpture shamanism = feritility rituals, main reason for art

1. -Limestone -Fertility Goddess - stratigraphy - Ideal of Beauty _ found around rivers to induce vegetation -Organic - "venus" vs. "woman"

   Annotations:

   • LIMESTONE= used by [aleolithic peoples very common material ORGANIC= soft circular lines VENUS= Roman goddess of love STRATIGRAPHY= study of strata from the earth.
2. SPOTTED HORSES AND HUMAN AHNDS, peche merle cave, France: Horses, 2,500- 24,00 BCE; hands 15,000 BCE
   1. - Radiometric dating -Carbon 14 -DNA found on painting

      Annotations:

      • RADIOMETRIC DATING= scientific technique used to date materials like rocks or carbon using a naturally radioactive isotope and its decay products. CARBON 14= radioactive isotope.

1. ivory -memory image - stylized -Idealism - Rupture, maybe vandalized

1. -paint on limestone -2D image - Linear -Shading _cave painting

   Annotations:

   •  CAVES= ritual places LINEAR= method of presenting the  3d world in a 2dimensional surface, where all the lines converge in one, two or three vanishing points, located on the eye level of the viewer, rendering objects, smaller or bigger on scale. creating depth of field.

1. - limestone - aesthetic sense -sympathetic magic - animal behavior -mythology/religion

   Annotations:

   • AESTHETIC SENSE=19th century, senses beauty emotion SYMPATHETIC MAGIC=20TH century, used to stimulate the hunting process, spiritual correspondence. ANIMAL BEHAVIOR=analysis of animal behavior for hunting purpuses.  MYTHOLOGY/RELIGION=sacred images not utilitarian, gods.

1. -paint on limestone -narrative - sense of motion vs. static in paleolithic art -spear throwers made out of mammoth bone

1. Paint on Limestone -manipulated the environment to depict more realistic art.

1. -modeling - relief sculpture -unbaked clay

   Annotations:

   • -relief sculpture=sculpture technique where the artist givex the impression that the sculpture has been raised above the background, cut or chiseled from a flat background.

1. -wood, mud, clay, stone. - architecture - Burial -Foundation - Settlements, -agriculture, domestication settlements.

   Annotations:

   • BURIAL= used to bury people on the floor of the house/shrine architectural foundations. SETTLEMENT= due to fishing, crops, agriculture.

1. 1. post and lintel 2. post-and-lintel burial chamber 3. corbelling

   Annotations:

   • 1.POST-AND-LINTEL=two vertical columns support a horizontal member. Fundamental principal of Ancient Greek Architecture. 2. POST-AND-LINTEL BURIAL CHAMBER=Two upright posts support a horizontal element (lintel) -Variations include wood structures, dolmens, and other underground burial chambers  3. CORBELLING=overlapping construction of stones, that overextend the vertical of the wall.

1. -megalith - corbel -cut stone. settlement with stone age architecture, beds, central hearth,

   Annotations:

   • MEGALITH=  mega=large, LITH= stone, large stone construction. CORBEL=solid structure that propels from a wall in order to support a megastructure, many rocks or bricks that projects one in top of the other. a type of bracket.

1. -passage grave - cairn - engraving - dolmen- capstone

   Annotations:

   • PASSAGE GRAVE= Chamber in the rear of structure, a ritualistic portal. Life to Death. CAIRN=rubble from the earth to protect the grave man made hill, man made pillar of stacked stones, used as a burial monument or landmark. ENGRAVING=symbols or code of arms., often chiseled, print made on a surface. DOLMEN=pillaring of stones, upright stones, single chamber megalithic tomb, two upright stone supporting a flat stone, often covered in rubblemor earth to support and protect the tomb. CAPSTONE=a stone fixed on top of something oftetimes a wall

1. -henge - -sarsen - "domain of the ancestors" -trilithon - Post-and-lintel.

   Annotations:

   • -HENGE=neolithic earthwork, circular or oval shaped featuring a ditch and a bank. a circle of stones or posts. -SARSEN=hardstone made from sand and cilica THRILITON=structure made in the lintel and post fashion

1. "pot revolution' -firing -clay - potsherd -thermo-luminescence dating.

1. -Metal Age -Stratification -Alloy.

   Annotations:

   • STRATIFICATION= formation of layers (strata) in found objects STRATIFICATION2= division of power and levels based in a socioeconomic status.

1. -Gender -Wheel -Kin.

   Annotations:

   • -representations of gender -human introspection due to their "pensive" positions KILN=thermally insulated chamber or oven used for different porpuses in this case for baking clay. WHEEL=first use of potery Also known as "THE SITTING WOMAN FROM CERNAVODA" AND "THE THINKER"  

Annotations:

• TELL= artificial hill or mound created by human occupation, abandonment and waste over millenia it usually has human remanis and it looks like a hill with a flat top.  abandoning and reconstructiing. CITY-STATE= independent city. ZIGGURAT=huge stepped temple or shrine, meeting place of humans and gods. pyramidal structure with flat top. Dedicated to inana(GOD OF LOVE AND WAR) and ANU( skygod)

Annotations:

• ANTHROPOMORPHIZE=to attribute human qualities to something that is not Anthro=human. REGISTER=vertical levels, that follow other levels,  specially straight lines, defining the levels HIERATIC SCALE= one figure abnormally bigger than others to symbolize power or godlike qualities HIERATIC=associated with priests, in art extremely stylized. VOTIVE OFFERING= one or more objects displayed or placed in a sacreed place without the objective of recovering for religious favors or purposes.

Annotations:

• CANON=a body of work that represents an specific style. Works of art included in the canon are to be considered masterpieces.

Annotations:

• PUABI=

Annotations:

• Bull=Bull signifies male fertility in mesopotamian art. Found in the tomb of Pu-Abi  made with wood, gold, lapizlazuli, red limestone and shell. the front panel of the great lyre reveals in the several register  the epic of gilgamesh= first great work of literature revealing the origins of mean and the afterlife.