1586961
Description
Mind Map by Elena Rose, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elena Rose
almost 10 years ago
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Animal and Plant Responses
- Mating
- K Strategy
- Production of a small
number of offspring with
large amount of energy
from parents in raising the
offspring. Higher risk to
parents offset by lower
success rate
- Production of a small
number of offspring with
large amount of energy
from parents in raising the
offspring. Higher risk to
parents offset by lower
success rate
- R Stategy
- Production of a large
number of offspring with
little energy spent raising
offspring by parents.
Lower risk to parents but
lower success rate
- Production of a large
number of offspring with
little energy spent raising
offspring by parents.
Lower risk to parents but
lower success rate
- Courtship behaviours
- Series of repeated
ritualistic activities
and response
between a male
and female
- Often initiated by male
- Courtship behaviours
ensures mates are of the
same species to keep
gene pool isolated
- Allows for
sexual selection
of males by
females
- Results in natural
selection. Females
choose males with best
adaptions
- Results in natural
selection. Females
choose males with best
adaptions
- Series of repeated
ritualistic activities
and response
between a male
and female
- Mating Systems
- Monogamy
- Male and Female
form a pair bond.
Both usually assist
in rearing the
offspring.
Common in birds.
- Male and Female
form a pair bond.
Both usually assist
in rearing the
offspring.
Common in birds.
- Polygyny
- One male competes for and
breeds with many females.
Males have avoid to be bigger,
stronger, and show. Do not
usually assist in rearing the
offspring. Common in herd
animals
- One male competes for and
breeds with many females.
Males have avoid to be bigger,
stronger, and show. Do not
usually assist in rearing the
offspring. Common in herd
animals
- Polyandry
- One female breeds with
many males. Males raise
offspring. Rare but
common in colonial
insects
- One female breeds with
many males. Males raise
offspring. Rare but
common in colonial
insects
- Co-operative breeding
- numerous
males-females
partnerships
occurring in kin
groups
- numerous
males-females
partnerships
occurring in kin
groups
- Sychnronised Spawning
- Females and males
simultaneously
release gametes.
Often in response to
environmental cues.
Fertilisation is
external.
- Females and males
simultaneously
release gametes.
Often in response to
environmental cues.
Fertilisation is
external.
- Monogamy
- K Strategy
- Hierachies
- Dominant Hierarchy (Linear)
- Individuals ranked from highest to lowest. Each animal
dominant to those ranked below it, and those below
submissive to those ranked higher. Best known is social
mammals. Direct conflict is rare. Temporary shifts in
hierarchy can occur
- Individuals ranked from highest to lowest. Each animal
dominant to those ranked below it, and those below
submissive to those ranked higher. Best known is social
mammals. Direct conflict is rare. Temporary shifts in
hierarchy can occur
- Complex Hierarchy
- Alpha individual is supported by other individuals
in the control of the group. Ranking determines
access to food, water and mates. Ranking is
determined by size, strength, sex.
- Alpha individual is supported by other individuals
in the control of the group. Ranking determines
access to food, water and mates. Ranking is
determined by size, strength, sex.
- Dominant Hierarchy (Linear)
- Territories
- Benefit to group must
outweigh the energy costs
of defending the territory
- Set up by
an
individual,
breeding
pair or
group
- Has defined boundaries
- Defended from members
of the same species
- Boundary markings warn
against accidental intrusion by
members of the same species
- Defended from members
of the same species
- Advantages
- Provides a safe place to
court, mate and rear young
- Spreading out
reduces disease and
parasites
- Usually will
have enough
food
- Know the location of
recourses within it
- Provides a safe place to
court, mate and rear young
- Benefit to group must
outweigh the energy costs
of defending the territory
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