Plants: Uses, Form, and Function

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AQA AS Biology Unit 1 Molecule Structures (2015)
Raiyan Shahrear
Mind Map by Raiyan Shahrear, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Julia Romanów
Created by Julia Romanów over 9 years ago
Abdur Rehman Syed
Copied by Abdur Rehman Syed about 6 years ago
Raiyan Shahrear
Copied by Raiyan Shahrear about 6 years ago
Abdur Rehman Syed
Copied by Abdur Rehman Syed about 6 years ago
Raiyan Shahrear
Copied by Raiyan Shahrear about 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Plants: Uses, Form, and Function
  1. PLANTS AS A BIORESOURCE
    1. Photosynthsis
      1. 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere is produced by plants
    2. TRANSPORTATION
      1. Passive Transport
        1. Goes along Concentration Gradient
          1. Diffusion
            1. Osmosis
          2. Xylem Transportation
            1. Root Pressure
              1. Positive Pressure
                1. Negative Pressure
                2. Cohesion Tension Model
                  1. Transpiration
                    1. Cohesion
                      1. Adhesion
                    2. Active Transport
                      1. Goes against concentation gradient
                      2. Phloem Transportation
                        1. Translocation
                          1. Source
                            1. Sink
                            2. Pressure Flow Model
                          2. PLANT BODY
                            1. Formed when 2 monosaccharides react e.g A Glucose + A Glucose = Maltose
                              1. Sucrose Maltose Lactose
                                1. Using water we can 'undo' the glycosidic bond and separate the sugar into 2 monosaccharides (hydrolisis)
                                  1. Reducing sugars
                                    1. Sucrose = glucose & fructose ( 1,4 glycosidic bond)
                                    2. The C1 OH & C4 HO react to form H20 and a C-0-C bond (glycosidic bond)
                                      1. Called 'condensation reaction'
                                  2. DICOTS
                                    1. vascular bundles arranged in stars
                                      1. palmate or pinnate
                                        1. presence of wood(secondary growth)
                                          1. taproot root system
                                            1. examples of dicots
                                            2. MONOCOTS
                                              1. vascular bundles arranged in rings
                                                1. parallel
                                                  1. parts of 3 or multiples of 3
                                                    1. no presence of wood
                                                      1. fibrous root system
                                                        1. examples of monocots
                                                        2. REPRODUCTION
                                                          1. Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants
                                                            1. Alternation of Generations
                                                              1. Sexual Reproduction In Seed Plants
                                                                1. Sexual Reproduction In Angiosperms
                                                                  1. angiosperm anatomy
                                                                    1. sepal
                                                                      1. petals
                                                                        1. stamen
                                                                          1. pistil
                                                                            1. polar nuclei
                                                                              1. pollen grain
                                                                            2. Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms
                                                                            3. Asexual Reproduction
                                                                              1. Vegetative Prognation
                                                                                1. Artificial Prognation
                                                                              2. PLANT ORGANS
                                                                                1. Anatomy of roots
                                                                                  1. Root Caps
                                                                                    1. Cortex
                                                                                      1. Endodermis
                                                                                        1. Casparian Strip
                                                                                      2. Taproot
                                                                                        1. Fibrous Roots
                                                                                        2. Stems
                                                                                          1. Anatomy of leaves
                                                                                            1. Cuticle
                                                                                              1. Mesophyll
                                                                                                1. Palisade Mesophyll
                                                                                                  1. Spongy Mesophyll
                                                                                                2. SUCCESSION
                                                                                                  1. Primary Successioon
                                                                                                    1. establishment of a community in an area after an ecological disturbance has left exposed rock without topsoil
                                                                                                      1. Volcanic Eruptions
                                                                                                        1. Retreating Glaciers
                                                                                                      2. Secondary Succession
                                                                                                        1. recolonization of an area after an ecological the disturbance which left the topsoil intact
                                                                                                          1. Forest fires
                                                                                                            1. Floods
                                                                                                          2. Pioneer Species
                                                                                                            1. Pioneer species is where species of organsims are the first to colonize barren land
                                                                                                              1. bacteria,
                                                                                                                1. Algae
                                                                                                                  1. Lichen
                                                                                                              2. RESPONSES TO EXTERNAL STIMULI
                                                                                                                1. Nastic response
                                                                                                                  1. plant movement in response to a stimulus,however,it is not associated with the direction of the stimulus
                                                                                                                    1. flower petals open during the day and close at night to conserve heat
                                                                                                                  2. Tropism
                                                                                                                    1. Negative Tropism
                                                                                                                      1. Types
                                                                                                                      2. PLANT HORMONES
                                                                                                                        1. Stimulatory Hormones
                                                                                                                          1. Cytokinins
                                                                                                                            1. Gibberellins
                                                                                                                              1. Auxins
                                                                                                                              2. Inhibitory Hormones
                                                                                                                                1. Ethylene
                                                                                                                                  1. Abscisic Acid
                                                                                                                                2. PLANT CELLS
                                                                                                                                  1. Sclerenchyma Cells
                                                                                                                                    1. very thick secondary wall with lignin
                                                                                                                                      1. they die after full development of cell and provide support for mature plants
                                                                                                                                      2. Parenchyma Cells
                                                                                                                                        1. Spherical with flattened cell walls and and tightly packed cells
                                                                                                                                          1. leaves and cells have chloroplasts, and has large cenral vacuoles
                                                                                                                                          2. Collenchyma Cells
                                                                                                                                            1. long strings thta are pulled from celery stock
                                                                                                                                              1. elongated, long strands or cylinders that provide support for surrounding cells
                                                                                                                                                1. thick cell walls, and as the plant grows, the thinner cell wallsexpand making them flexible
                                                                                                                                              2. PLANT TISSUES
                                                                                                                                                1. Meristematic
                                                                                                                                                  1. embryonic tissues that can develop into specialized plant cells
                                                                                                                                                  2. Dermal
                                                                                                                                                    1. Outer covering of a plant
                                                                                                                                                      1. epidermis
                                                                                                                                                        1. guard cells
                                                                                                                                                          1. stoma
                                                                                                                                                            1. trichomes
                                                                                                                                                              1. root hairs
                                                                                                                                                            2. Ground
                                                                                                                                                              1. Vascular
                                                                                                                                                                1. xylem
                                                                                                                                                                  1. transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
                                                                                                                                                                    1. dead cells
                                                                                                                                                                    2. phloem
                                                                                                                                                                      1. transports nutrients(sugars) to areas needed for growth, metabolism and storage
                                                                                                                                                                        1. living cells
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