Plants: Uses, Form, and Function

PLANTS AS A BIORESOURCE
1. Photosynthsis
  1. 50% of the oxygen in the atmosphere is produced by plants.
TRANSPORTATION
1. Passive Transport
  1. Goes along Concentration Gradient
    1. Diffusion
    2. Osmosis
2. Xylem Transportation
  1. Root Pressure
    1. Positive Pressure
    2. Negative Pressure
  2. Cohesion Tension Model
    1. Transpiration
    2. Cohesion
    3. Adhesion
3. Active Transport
  1. Goes against concentation gradient
4. Phloem Transportation
  1. Translocation
    1. Source
    2. Sink
  2. Pressure Flow Model
PLANT BODY
DICOTS
1. Vascular bundles arranged in stars
2. Palmate
  1. Pinnate
3. Presence of wood (secondary growth).
4. Taproot root system.
5. Examples
MONOCOTS
1. Vascular bundles arranged in rings
  1. No presence of wood.
2. Parallel
3. Parts of 3 or multiples of 3
4. Fibrous root system
5. Examples
REPRODUCTION
1. Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants
2. Alternation of Generations
3. Sexual Reproduction In Seed Plants
  1. Sexual Reproduction In Angiosperms
    1. Angiosperm anatomy
      1. sepal
      2. petals
      3. stamen
      4. pistil
      5. polar nuclei
      6. pollen grain
  2. Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms
4. Asexual Reproduction
  1. Vegetative Prognation
  2. Artificial Prognation
PLANT ORGANS
1. Anatomy of roots
  1. Root Caps
  2. Cortex
    1. Endodermis
      1. Casparian Strip
  3. Taproot
  4. Fibrous Roots
2. Stems
3. Anatomy of leaves
  1. Cuticle
  2. Mesophyll
  3. Palisade Mesophyll
  4. Spongy Mesophyll
SUCCESSION
1. Primary Successioon
  1. Establishment of a community in an area after an ecological disturbance has left exposed rock without topsoil.
    1. Volcanic Eruptions
    2. Retreating Glaciers
2. Secondary Succession
  1. Recolonization of an area after an ecological the disturbance which left the topsoil intact.
    1. Forest fires
    2. Floods
3. Pioneer Species
  1. Pioneer species is where species of organisms are the first to colonize barren land.
    1. Bacteria
    2. Algae
    3. Lichen
RESPONSES TO EXTERNAL STIMULI
1. Nastic response
  1. plant movement in response to a stimulus,however,it is not associated with the direction of the stimulus
    1. flower petals open during the day and close at night to conserve heat
2. Tropism
3. Negative Tropism
4. Types
PLANT HORMONES
1. Stimulatory Hormones
  1. Cytokinins
  2. Gibberellins
  3. Auxins
2. Inhibitory Hormones
  1. Ethylene
  2. Abscisic Acid
PLANT CELLS
1. Sclerenchyma Cells
  1. Very thick secondary wall with lignin.
  2. They die after full development of cell and provide support for mature plants.
2. Parenchyma Cells
  1. Spherical with flattened cell walls and and tightly packed cells
  2. leaves and cells have chloroplasts, and has large cenral vacuoles
3. Collenchyma Cells
  1. Long strings that are pulled from celery stock.
  2. Elongated, long strands or cylinders that provide support for surrounding cells.
  3. Thick cell walls, and as the plant grows, the thinner cell walls expand making them flexible.
PLANT TISSUES
1. Meristematic
  1. Embryonic tissues that can develop into specialized plant cells.
2. Dermal
  1. Outer covering of a plant
    1. Epidermis
    2. Guard cells
    3. Stoma
    4. Trichomes
    5. Root hairs
3. Ground
4. Vascular
  1. Xylem
    1. transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
    2. dead cells
  2. Phloem
    1. Transports nutrients (sugars) to areas needed for growth, metabolism and storage.
    2. living cells

	Created by Julia Romanów over 9 years ago

	Copied by Abdur Rehman Syed about 6 years ago

	Copied by Raiyan Shahrear about 6 years ago

	Copied by Abdur Rehman Syed about 6 years ago

	Copied by Raiyan Shahrear about 6 years ago

	Copied by Abdur Rehman Syed about 6 years ago

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Plants: Uses, Form, and Function

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