The fashion
manufacturing
industry (JAK based in
Leicester now
outsourcing to
Beximco in Dhaka.)
How it
changed
location?
Based in Leicester
Outsource to
Bexminco in Dhaka,
Bangladesh
Why the change in location happened?
Large
labour force
Minimum wage is $0.09 per
hour, compared to $10.02 in
the UK.
Plentiful supply of energy
Low tax paid by companies
Fewer regulations
e.g. health and safety
laws, which make it
cheaper for a factory
to produce goods.
In 2013, Bangladesh knitwear
factory collapsed in which more
than 1000 people lost their lives.
The social
economic
impacts of the
change
Impacts on Dhaka
Positive
multiplier effect
Minimum wage workers
Money to improve standard of
living for themselves and families
BUT may have to work long hours in
cramped conditions for little pay.
Impacts on Leicester
Negative multiplier effect
Minimum wage
workers and
their families
Loss of job has a negative
effect on standard of living
and quality of life as they
have less disposable income.
JAK company owners
Able to increase company's profits
UK goverment
Pressure of benefits system
as more people unemployed
An MNC
Nike globally and particularly in Vietnam
Location of different activities around the world
Secondary activity:
Manufacture in NICs
such as Vietnam
There are 150 Asian factories
manufacturing 350,000 products for Nike
There are 34 Nike plants in Vietnam
Lower minimum wage
Good access to raw materials
Some goverments offer
incentives such as tax
breaks to encourage
MNCs to locate there to
aid development
Less strict laws
about polluting the
environment
Lack of trade unions makes
it difficult for workers to
strike due to poor conditions
The effect of Nike
manufacture in
Vietnam
Economic impacts
on Vietnam
Positive
Nike pays higher wages
than other companies
The factories will pay
tax so the
government benefits
Positive multiplier effect
Negative
Nike could leave at
any moment
The jobs are
mostly unskilled
and low pay
Social impacts on Vietnam
Positive
Creates formal employment and
regular wages, so people previously
employed in the informal sector benefit
Sets high standards for other companies
Negative
The company image and
advertising might undermine the
culture of Vietnamese people
Nike may have a
political influence
over the goverment
Climate change managment
BedZed, UK law and international agreement
Local scale and views of different groups of people
Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZed) is an
environmentally friendly housing development in
Hackbridge, London. It is designed to be a sustainable
development. the 82 homes and 1,405 square meters
of work space were built in 2000-2002.
National scale and views of different groups of people
The UK government is
Promoting low-carbon technologies
Incentives for solar
panel installation firms
Green subsides on
electricity bills to
promote the use of
sustainable fuels/energy
Promoting new
fuel efficient cars
The UK government wants
to protect the UK from the
effects of sea level rise
Environmental campaign grounds such as WWF as in
favour of measures taken to lessen climate change as
they are concerned about the loss of species adapted to
the UK's climate, e.g. the loss of rare species in Scotland
International scale and views of different groups of people
From 1997, most countries in the world
agreed to monitor and cut greenhouse
gas emissions by signing an international
agreement called the Kyoto Protical
The government of Maldives
Believes that the world needs to
tackle climate change to prevent
their island being submerged by
sea
The government of the USA
Believes the whole world should take action for
the efforts to be noticeable and there is no point if
other countries such as China do not do anything
to tackle climate change
Economic activity and the environment
Safari tourism in the Masai Mara, south Kenya
Causes of environmental change
Tourists
Conservational areas
Desertification
Water cycle damage
Animals distubed
Strategies being used to
manage the environment
Basecamp Masai Mara, opened in 1998, the
main tent consists of 16 tents
Environmentally sustainable management
Tree-top wildlife viewing posts has reduced the need for game drives
Most structures can be dismantled
Use local materials
Extensive use of solar energy and
use of energy saving LED bulbs
Investment in
conservation,
no profit for 5
years
Solar cooker
Waste is separated and composted
Dry toilets
Supported the planting of an estimated
25,000 tress since 2000, as part of restoring
vegetation along the river near Basecamp