ALLEN, SPRINGSTED. Primary Readings in Philosophy for Understanding Theology

PLATO
1. Sun, Line, Cave
  1. The good is not pleasure [sense?].
  2. Sun
    1. is not sight, but the author of sight (p.5)
    2. [As the sun is necessary for sight, so is good for knowledge]
  3. The line
    1. SHADOWS | BEINGS ||| OPINION | KOWNLEDGE
      1. Perceptions | Fath ||| Unerstanding | Reason
  4. Cave
    1. We see shadows, not the real Things
      1. One must go out of the cave to see the true (The Ideas)
        Annotations:
        One would sound crazy to people in the Cave
2. Creation (Timaeus)
  1. What is that which is and has no becoming?"
    1. "Always becoming and never is?"
    2. God in the begininngin of creation made the body of the universe to consist of fire and earth. Waterand air is the mean between fire and eartg [metaux
      1. The World in a form of Globe, the perfect figure.
        The Universe is a circle moving in a circle.
        The body in Heaven is visible, the soul is invisible and partakes of reason and harmony.
        When reason is concerned with the rational, and the circle os the same moving declares it, then INTELLIGENCE and KNOWLEDGE are necessarily perfected.
        God created the planets and made them move. Time was created.
        Animals were created
        Man were created. After death: he tries to reach the Star of origin. If one fails, one reincarnate.
        In the Second Birth could be as a woman [woman was inferior?]
        "The mother of all created and visible is not ... earth, air, fire, water, but is a invisile and formless being which receives all things and in some mysterious way partakes of the intelligiable,and is most incomprehensible". (p. 36)
      2. "We must acknowledge that there is one kind of being which is always the same, increated and indestructible, never receibin anything into itself from without, nor itself going out to any other, but invisible and imperceptible by any sense, and of which the contemplation is granted to intelligence only." (p. 37)
ARISTOTLE
1. Substance and Its Predicates
  1. Intro
    1. Paranonymus
      1. Homonymus: Grammar > Grammarly
    2. Synonyms and Homonymus
  2. Substance
    1. Secondary Substances: species (man, animal, etc)
      1. Sec. Substs are universal. They can predicated
    2. "...does not admit a more and a less" (p. 45)
    3. Primary Substance
      1. SUBSTANTIAL FORM, i.e., the form (or essence, or nature) of particular substances such as Socrates. INDIVIDUAL.
  3. Predicates
    1. Categories
      1. Substance, Quantity, Quality, Relation, Place, Time, Position, State, Activity and Passivity.
2. Nature and Four Causes
  1. Some say substance could a natural object: the wood. A bed is made with wood.
    1. Material Cause
  2. "That nature is the shape or fomr which is specified in the defitition of the thing".(p.61)
    1. Formal cause
3. Motion
  1. "Nature is a principle of motion an change" (p. 67)
    1. Potential and Actual
      1. Ex.: A object is potentially hot and actually cold. - MOTION
        "It is the buildable that is being built" (p. 69)
4. The Unmoved Mover
  1. "There is a eternal unmovable substance" (p. 72)
    1. "It´s clear that there is a substance which is eternal and unmovable and separte from sensible things" (p. 75)
  2. The nature of divine thought: it thinks that which is most divine and precious, and it does not change" (p. 79).
  3. Now, the only continuous change is that of place, and the only continuous change of place is circular motion. Therefore, there must be an eternal circular motion and this is confirmed by the fixed stars which are moved by the eternal actual substance...

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ALLEN, SPRINGSTED. Primary Readings in Philosophy for Understanding Theology

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