Energy Transfer By Heating

1. All objects emit and absorb infrared radiation
   1. Hotter objects emit more infrared
   2. Surface Types affect the amount of IR emitted/absorbed
      1. Shiny/White Objects emit/absorb less.
      2. Black/Matte absorb/emit more.
2. Electromagnetic Radiation
   1. Waves

1. Solids
   1. Fixed Shape
      1. Particles cannot move.
   2. Cannot be compressed
      1. No space for particles to move into
2. Liquids
   1. Flow and take shape of container
      1. Particles can move around each other.
   2. Cannot be compressed
      1. Particles are close togethyer and so have no space to move
3. Gases
   1. Flow and Fill
      1. Particles move quickly in all directions
   2. Can be compressed
      1. Space for particles to move into

Annotations:

• Metals are good conductors of heat, but non metals are insulators.

1. Diagram
2. Conduction in metals
   1. Free Electrons

      Annotations:

      • Electrons in a metal can lave the atom and move around freely. The free or delocalised electrons help transfer heat energy from the hotter part of the metal to the cooler part.
      1. Ions

         Annotations:

         • The bit of the atom left behind becomes a metal ion. The ions are packed closely together and vibrate continually, transferring the energy.