‘The Harvest Bow’ by Seamus Heaney and ‘Mending Wall’ by Robert Frost comparison.

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Read again ‘The Harvest Bow’ by Seamus Heaney and ‘Mending Wall’ by Robert Frost. Compare and contrast how each poet uses poetic methods to present their ideas on the theme of rural relationships. Include relevant contextual information.
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‘The Harvest Bow’ by Seamus Heaney and ‘Mending Wall’ by Robert Frost comparison.
  1. Relationship with the other person in poem
    1. HB – The poem is about Heaney’s father, Patrick. “As you plaited the harvest bow”. Heaney is the speaker and he reflects on his childhood memories with his dad as he addresses him directly as he makes a harvest bow, a love token which you keep for a year to bring good luck. This shows how Heaney’s relationship with his father is built on rural tradition.
      1. There is juxtaposition in the line, “A throwaway love-knot of straw”, as it emphasises the closeness of Heaney and his father and his great memory and respect for this traditional craft compared to other people who do not care for the fragile tradition.
      2. MW – This contrasts the relationship Frost has with his neighbour in this poem. “But at spring mending-time we find them there.” Despite the collective pronoun ‘we’, the poem is written in blank verse and features little enjambment, emphasising the rigid structure of the poem which indicates the formality of the relationship between Frost and his neighbour and echoes the image of the wall which physically separates them.
        1. The wall is a symbol of separation, “we keep the wall between us as we go.” There is a contrast between the sense of togetherness that comes from the collective pronoun, “we” and the physical separation the wall provides. The wall also symbolises the division of the contrasting views of how to fix the wall which they meet to repair once a year, which can be compared tot Heaney as he and his father gathered to make harvest bows once a year, but in contrast to Frost, they are close throughout the year.
          1. Frost uses a metaphor to describe the contrasting ages between his neighbour and himself. “He is all pine and I am apple orchard.” This indicates a difference in their very natures, highlighting their contrasting views and emphasising Frost’s youthful arrogance by comparing him to an apple orchard.
      3. Relationship with tradition
        1. HB – Heaney clearly respects tradition and has a great respect for his father’s traditional skills. “For the big lift of these evenings, as your stick/Whacking the tips of weeds and bushes”. Heaney uses the onomatopoeic verb, “whacking,” to show the power of his father and how he was in awe of him when he moved the grain out of his path as the travelled when Heaney was young.
          1. Heaney uses the simile, “Like a drawn snare” to show how he keeps his memories of his father and of rural traditions such as the making of a harvest bow trapped together like a snare, capturing the rural tradition and creating a sense of rural community.
          2. MW – Frost uses the symbol of a physical wall between him and his neighbour. “And set the wall between us once again.” This symbolises how they do not physically or mentally step into each other’s land, representing how they are both set in their ways and will not find a middle ground. Frost is not open to learning from traditional methods and his neighbour is also not open to new ideas. This is highlighted through their contrasting ages.
            1. The opposing personalities of the two neighbours is emphasised through the lines, “My apple trees will never get across/ And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.” There is a juxtaposition between Frost’s humorous tone and youthful arrogance and his neighbours seriousness and how strongly he sticks to the traditional methods his father taught him
          3. Dialogue
            1. MW – Frost uses the direct speech of his neighbour, “Good fences make good neighbours.” This dramatizes and authenticates his encounter with his neighbour. It also highlights their conflicting opinions as he also uses the direct speech of his younger self, “Why do they make good neighbours?”. He makes use of italics to place emphasis on the word ‘why’ which clearly showcases his immaturity as he questions the other, older farmer’s wisdom, again highlighting their formal, uncomfortable relationship.
              1. There is repetition of the other farmer’s direct speech in the final line: “Good fences make good /neighbours”. This creates a tone of finality, emphasising the farmer’s final word on the matter of farming. Again, this shows how Frost is mocking his younger self and his youthful ignorance as he refused to understand the other farmer’s way of thinking and questioned his experience.
              2. HB – In contrast to Frost, there is no dialogue in Heaney’s poem. “You implicated the mellow silence in you”. The lack of dialogue between Heaney and his father emphasises the closeness of their relationship as there is no need for words to be spoken as they are connected through their mutual love and appreciation of tradition.
                1. “I tell and finger it like braille, / Gleaning the unsaid off the palpable,”. Heaney shows that his father’s work is what connects them as he understands his father as his craft shows him what he doesn’t say. This emphasises how Heaney has a close relationship with rural tradition and believes that it cannot be passed on through speech, but through craft such as the harvest bow. “Still tongue-tied”.
              3. Relationship with nature and tradition
                1. HB – Heaney has a close relationship with nature and tradition, “that original townland”. Heaney uses the image of the harvest bow as a symbol to represent his love for all of Ireland and rural tradition. He uses the craft of the harvest bow to communicate with his father and to highlight how he values the importance of rural traditions.
                  1. Heaney, again, shows his close relationship with tradition as he quotes the Coventry Patmore, “The end of art is peace” meaning that art brings fulfilment and contentment. This shows that the symbol of the harvest bow is enough to bring peace and as this poem was published in 1979, the height of the roubles in Northern Ireland, it could be showing how Heaney longs again for peace in the country and traditions that he holds so dear to his heart.
                    1. Heaney uses the metaphor, “Into a knowable corona,” to indicate the intricacy of his father’s work and also to show how the beautiful and ethereal aspects of nature can become art.
                      1. Heaney personifies his father’s fingers: “Until your fingers moved somnambulant”. He describes how his father’s fingers worked as if they were sleepwalking to show how his father has done this for a long time and how important tradition is to Heaney’s family.
                  2. MW – Frost had a farming background in New England and also suffered from ill mental health. “I let my neighbour know beyond the hill;”. Frost uses the image of the hill and of the wall in the poem as a symbol of the physical separation between him and his neighbours, highlighting his isolationist attitudes. This is further emphasised as he mocks the other farmer for his wisdom despite being a failed farmer himself, “like an old-stone savage armed.” Frost mocks the older farmer and accuses him of being backward because of his traditional farming methods instead of learning from tradition and respecting it. Frost clearly has no respect for tradition and traditional ways of doing things.
                    1. Frost disregards the other farmer. “He will not go behind his father’s saying”. He reiterates his entrenched perception of the farmer as he learnt the rural tradition of farming from his father. Frost shows no respect for tradition.
                  3. Other
                    1. MW – Frost uses repetition to create balance, “To each the boulders that have fallen to each.” He shows that they are both doing half of the workload and emphasises the teamwork through the collective pronoun, “we”. He uses a metaphor to emphasise this, “another kind of outdoor game, / One on a side.” He compares how he works together with his neighbour to playing a game, implying that they are on opposing teams and creating a sense of separation between them as he presents the physical separation between him and his neighbour and their strained, formal relationship.
                      1. HB – Heaney also uses a metaphor as a symbol of his relationship. “In wheat that does not rust”. Wheat does not die and Heaney uses this to show how the skill of traditional bow making will not die as long as there is love and passion for nature and tradition.
                        1. Heaney connects the image of the harvest bow to family and tradition. “Could be the motto of this frail device”. He compares the bow to a Heraldic coat of arms and how family identity is rooted in rural traditions and farming, highlighting his fondness and close relationship with rural traditions.
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