2273109
Description
Mind Map by rebeccachelsea, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by rebeccachelsea
almost 10 years ago
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Evolution
- Extreme Environments
- Deep Sea
- No light as sun cannot
penetrate that deep so plants
cannot photosynthesise and
grow which means food is
scarce for other organisms.
- Angler fish have a
rod-shaped spine sticking
out its face which gives
out light to attract prey to
eat.
- Rat-tail fish have huge
mouths to scoop up
particles of food along
the seabed.
- Deep-sea fish have
huge eyes adapted
to the dark and
long feelers to help
locate prey.
- No light as sun cannot
penetrate that deep so plants
cannot photosynthesise and
grow which means food is
scarce for other organisms.
- Volcanic Vents
- Send out hot water and
minerals into the cold
ocean.
- Chemicals from vents
support bacteria that can
make own food with
chemical energy
(chemosynthesis). Like
photosynthesis but uses
chemical energy instead of
light as it is so dark.
- Bottom of
the food web
(producers) as
animals feed
on bacteria.
- Extremely hot
and under high
pressure so
bacteria adapted
to cope.
- Send out hot water and
minerals into the cold
ocean.
- Polar Regions
- Polar Bears
- Round shape so
small surface area
compared to
volume which
reduces heat loss.
- Thick layer of
blubber for
insulation and used
as an energy store
when food is scarce.
- Fur coats trap warm
air next to the skin
and greasy fur sheds
water to prevent
cooling due to
evaporation.
- Big feet help to spread
the weight to stop
sinking into snow or
breaking thin ice.
- White fur
for
camoflage.
- Round shape so
small surface area
compared to
volume which
reduces heat loss.
- Penguins
- Thick layer of insulating
fat and oily feathers to
shed water and reduce
heat loss.
- Huddle
together in
groups to
conserve heat.
- Streamlined body
to reduce water
resistance so they
can swim fast and
catch fish.
- Thick layer of insulating
fat and oily feathers to
shed water and reduce
heat loss.
- Polar Bears
- Deep Sea
- Natural Selection (Charles Darwin)
- 1) There is variation
within populations
as individuals have
differences in their
genes,
- 2) Most organisms give birth
to more young than can
survive to adulthood.
- 3) Most don't increase in size as
individuals compete with each other for
resources that are limited in supply (e.g.
food, water, mates).
- 4) Individuals with
characteristics that
are better adapted
have a better chance
of survival so will
breed more
successfully.
- 5) Genes responsible for
useful characteristics are
more likely to be passed
on to the next
generation.
- 6) The ones less well adapted
are less able to compete and
less likely to survive and
reproduce.
- 7) Overtime there will be a
higher proportion of
individuals with better
characteristics compared to
those with poorly adapted
characteristics. Eventually
they may even be lost.
- 1) There is variation
within populations
as individuals have
differences in their
genes,
- Evolution is the slow
and continuous
change of organisms
between generations.
- Scientific Research
- Evidence
- Resistant Organisms
- Warfarin was used to kill
rats bit certain genes gave
rats resistance to it making
them more likely to survive
and breed so now there are
rat populations that are
warfarin-resistant.
- Warfarin was used to kill
rats bit certain genes gave
rats resistance to it making
them more likely to survive
and breed so now there are
rat populations that are
warfarin-resistant.
- DNA Research
- All organisms have evolved
from shared common
ancestors. Closely related
species diverged more
recently due to gradual DNA
changes. Therefore,
organisms that have diverged
more recently have similar
DNA, for example in humans
and chimps.
- All organisms have evolved
from shared common
ancestors. Closely related
species diverged more
recently due to gradual DNA
changes. Therefore,
organisms that have diverged
more recently have similar
DNA, for example in humans
and chimps.
- Resistant Organisms
- Scientific Community
- Accept the theory of
evolution as they've
shared and discussed
evidence to make sure its
valid and reliable.
- Publish their work in
scientific journals so
other scientists can
repeat experiments to
see if the same results
come up to be confident
of its reliability.
- Peer reviewed to
check its valid and
that the
experiment has
been carried out
to the highest
possible standard.
- Conferences to meet,
discuss and share the latest
hypotheses and work.
- Publish their work in
scientific journals so
other scientists can
repeat experiments to
see if the same results
come up to be confident
of its reliability.
- Accept the theory of
evolution as they've
shared and discussed
evidence to make sure its
valid and reliable.
- Evidence
- Speciation
- Occurs when populations of the
same species become so different
that they can no longer breed to
produce fertile offspring.
- 1) They are isolated or
separated by physical barriers
(e.g. floods or earthquakes can
geographically isolate some
members from the main
population.
- 2) Conditions on each side will
differ slightly (e.g. different
climate) so different
characteristics will become
more popular due to natural
selection.
- 3) Eventually
individuals will have
changed so much that
they wont be able to
reproduce fertile
offspring so they will
now be 2 separate
species.
- Occurs when populations of the
same species become so different
that they can no longer breed to
produce fertile offspring.
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