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Mind Map by Demetrio Timban, updated more than 1 year ago
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The Blood
- The Function and Composition of Blood
- The Function of Blood
- The blood is
responsible for
providing
transportation,
regulation, and
protection throughout
the body
- The blood carries waste
to the kidneys and
carbon dioxide to the
lungs, where both the
waste and carbon
dioxide are eliminated
from the body.
- The blood also protects
the body against infection
and regulates body
temperature by directing
heat towards the skin and
lungs. Buffers and Amino
Acids transported in the
blood helps maintain the
body's pH at healthy levels
between 7.35 and 7.45.
- The blood is
responsible for
providing
transportation,
regulation, and
protection throughout
the body
- The Formed Elements
- Plasma
- Plasma is a pale yellow fluid
composed of 90% water and
8% plasma proteins; the
remaining 2% is a mixture of
electrolytes, nutrients, ions,
respiratory gases, hormones,
proteins, and waste products.
- Plasma contains
three types of
proteins:
Fibrinogen,
Albumin, and
Globulin.
- The electrolytes include
sodium, potassium,
chloride, magnesium,
and calcium.
- Plasma contains
three types of
proteins:
Fibrinogen,
Albumin, and
Globulin.
- Plasma is a pale yellow fluid
composed of 90% water and
8% plasma proteins; the
remaining 2% is a mixture of
electrolytes, nutrients, ions,
respiratory gases, hormones,
proteins, and waste products.
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Shape and Size
- Mature Red Blood
Cells are
disk-shaped cells
that look like a
doughnut without
the hole in the
center. They are
extremely small (7
to 8 micrometers
in diameter)
- Mechanisms of the Red Blood Cells
- 1. It increases
the surface
area of the
cell, providing
a larger
binding area
for oxygen
and carbon
dioxide.
- 2. It increases
the flexibility of
the cell, allowing
it to change
shape so it can
fit into capillary
openings that
are half the size
of the cell.
- 3. It limits the
cell's life span
to 120 days;
without a
nucleus, the
cell is unable to
replicate.
- 1. It increases
the surface
area of the
cell, providing
a larger
binding area
for oxygen
and carbon
dioxide.
- Mature Red Blood
Cells are
disk-shaped cells
that look like a
doughnut without
the hole in the
center. They are
extremely small (7
to 8 micrometers
in diameter)
- Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin is an essential molecule of the red blood
cell that serves as the binding site for oxygen and
carbon dioxide; composed of two molecules: Globin
and Heme
- Hemoglobin is an essential molecule of the red blood
cell that serves as the binding site for oxygen and
carbon dioxide; composed of two molecules: Globin
and Heme
- Erythropoiesis
- The kidneys regulate red blood
cell production through a
process called Erythropoiesis.
- The kidneys regulate red blood
cell production through a
process called Erythropoiesis.
- Recycling Red Blood Cells
- Phagocytosis is the process
by which macrophages in
the liver and spleen eat and
recycle old RBCs, as well as
other types of cells.
- Phagocytosis is the process
by which macrophages in
the liver and spleen eat and
recycle old RBCs, as well as
other types of cells.
- Red Blood Cells are part of
the formed elements of the
blood; they contain
hemoglobin, a protein
responsible for oxygen and
carbon dioxide exchange;
erythrocytes
- Shape and Size
- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Classifying White Blood Cells
- Neutrophils
- The most abundant
type of White Blood
Cells and are the
most important
component of the
body's immune
system because they
are the "First
Responders"
- Fights infections
- Fights infections
- The most abundant
type of White Blood
Cells and are the
most important
component of the
body's immune
system because they
are the "First
Responders"
- Eosinophils
- They only
make up a
small portion
of our White
Blood Cell
count - about
1% to 3%.
- They are
active in the
presence of
parasites and
worms
- They are
active in the
presence of
parasites and
worms
- They only
make up a
small portion
of our White
Blood Cell
count - about
1% to 3%.
- Basophils
- The least
abundant
White Blood
Cells in the
body.
- Active during
allergic reactions
and asthma.
- They play
an
important
role in T-cell
adaptive
immune
responses
- Active during
allergic reactions
and asthma.
- The least
abundant
White Blood
Cells in the
body.
- Lymphocytes
- The second
most abundant
White Blood
Cells in the
body.
- Two types of Lymphocytes
- T Cells
- T Cells make up to
80% of lymphocytes
- T Cells make up to
80% of lymphocytes
- B Cells
- B Cells make up to
20% of lymphocytes
- B Cells make up to
20% of lymphocytes
- T Cells
- Essential for
fighting cancer
cells
- Two types of Lymphocytes
- The second
most abundant
White Blood
Cells in the
body.
- Monocytes
- The largest
White Blood
Cells in the
body.
- The largest
White Blood
Cells in the
body.
- Neutrophils
- White Blood Cells are part of the
formed elements of the blood;
they fight infections and protect
the body through various
mechanisms; leukocytes
- Classifying White Blood Cells
- Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Platelets are
part of the
formed
elements of the
blood; they play
a vital role in
blood clotting.
- They play an important role
in Hemostasis
- Platelets are
part of the
formed
elements of the
blood; they play
a vital role in
blood clotting.
- The formed elements make
up about 45% of the blood's
content, and plasma
comprises the remaining
55%
- When put in a
Centrifugal, everything
seperates. Red Blood
Cells at the bottom,
Plasma on top, and the
buffy coat in between.
- The buffy coat is a thin layer of white
blood cells and platelets that lies
between the red blood cells and
plasma in a blood sample that has
gone through a centrifuge.
- Sepearating these blood
elements allows us to
take a common blood
measurement called
Hematocrit.
- Hematocrit is the
percentage of total blood
volume that is composed
of Red Blood Cells
- Hematocrit averages 45% of
total blood volume in men
and 40% of total blood
volume in women
- Hematocrit is the
percentage of total blood
volume that is composed
of Red Blood Cells
- The buffy coat is a thin layer of white
blood cells and platelets that lies
between the red blood cells and
plasma in a blood sample that has
gone through a centrifuge.
- Plasma
- Physical Properties of Blood
- Blood is a sticky, thick fluid
that makes up roughly 8%
of our total body weight.
- Everyone has between 4
and 5 liters of blood in
their body.
- Blood is slightly
salty, with a
sodium chloride
concentration
of 0.9%.
- An average temperature of
38*C (100.4*F)
- The color of blood
varies based on the
levels of oxygen:
Oxygen-rich blood in
the arteries is a
brighter red than the
oxygen-poor blood in
the veins.
- Blood is a sticky, thick fluid
that makes up roughly 8%
of our total body weight.
- Manufacturing Blood Cells
- New blood cells are
created in a process
called Hematopoiesis.
- Blood Cells are created
within the bone
marrow.
- New blood cells are
created in a process
called Hematopoiesis.
- The Function of Blood
- Blood Types
- Blood Types
- Antigens and Antibodies
- The molecule on the
surface of the Red Blood
Cells are called
Antigens.
- Antigens are large, complex
molecules, such as proteins
and glycolipids, that identify
cells as either "Self" or
"Nonself"
- Antigens are large, complex
molecules, such as proteins
and glycolipids, that identify
cells as either "Self" or
"Nonself"
- The molecule on the
surface of the Red Blood
Cells are called
Antigens.
- Blood Transfusions
- When given a Blood Transfusion you
have to be given the correct type of
blood
- If given the wrong blood type
the Red Blood Cells will
clump together in a process
called Agglutination.
- Agglutination creates blockages in
smaller blood vessels and is potentially
fatal.
- Agglutination creates blockages in
smaller blood vessels and is potentially
fatal.
- If given the wrong blood type
the Red Blood Cells will
clump together in a process
called Agglutination.
- When given a Blood Transfusion you
have to be given the correct type of
blood
- Antigens and Antibodies
- The Rh Classification System
- Rh Factor Complications
- Just like the Antigens on Red
Blood Cells, When given blood
you have to have the same type
of Rh factor.
- Just like the Antigens on Red
Blood Cells, When given blood
you have to have the same type
of Rh factor.
- Not everyone has the Rh factor.
Those who have it on the
surface of the Red Blood Cells
are classified as Rh-positive;
those who lack it are classified
as Rh-negative
- The majority of people
(approximately 85%) are
Rh-positive.
- Rh Factor Complications
- Complete Blood Count
- A complete blood count (CBC)
helps to detect blood disorders or
disorders such as Anemia,
Abnormal Blood Cell counts,
Clotting Problems, Immune
System Disorders, and Cancers of
the Blood.
- A complete blood count (CBC)
helps to detect blood disorders or
disorders such as Anemia,
Abnormal Blood Cell counts,
Clotting Problems, Immune
System Disorders, and Cancers of
the Blood.
- Four Blood Types
- A
- B
- AB
- O
- A
- Blood Types
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