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NATIVISM
(Chomsky)
- Chomsky challenged Skinners view
- Children also produce
utterances that they could never
have heard from adults- they
make up words and make
VIRTUOUS ERRORS
- These are errors made by young
children when a non-standard
utterance reveals some
understanding although this is
incomplete.
- EXAMPLE- ' runned'
instead of 'ran'. this shows
the child understand that
'ed' is often used to put
words into past tense
- EXAMPLE- ' runned'
instead of 'ran'. this shows
the child understand that
'ed' is often used to put
words into past tense
- These are errors made by young
children when a non-standard
utterance reveals some
understanding although this is
incomplete.
- If children learnt from imitating they
have poor materials to imitate from
meaning that the quality of the language
that they hear from their parents isnt
good enough for them to copy and
practice using "correct grammar"
- Children also produce
utterances that they could never
have heard from adults- they
make up words and make
VIRTUOUS ERRORS
- Chomsky argues that
children have an innate
capacity to learn language
- Children have an
inborn language
acquisition device (LAD)
- They have an ability to
extract rules from the
language that they
hear around them
- UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR: Where
languages have different
surface structures but they
share the same deep structures
- All Children possess an
innate awareness of this
deep structure
- They are ready to analyse what they
hear and fit it into this structure from
the moment that they are born
- This explains why
children are able to learn
language so rapidly
- This explains why
children are able to learn
language so rapidly
- They are ready to analyse what they
hear and fit it into this structure from
the moment that they are born
- Most
sentence
structures are
'Subject,
Verb, Object'
- All Children possess an
innate awareness of this
deep structure
- LENNEBERG:
- He said that the LAD needs to be
activates with sufficient input before a
certain point in the child's development
- 'Critical Period
Hypothesis'
- 'Critical Period
Hypothesis'
- There have been cases of 'feral' or 'wild'
children who have been deprived of
human contact and have therefore
never acquired language
- Some have been
discovered at an early
age and have been able
to catch up but those
found as teenagers have
never fully been able to
acquire language
- Some have been
discovered at an early
age and have been able
to catch up but those
found as teenagers have
never fully been able to
acquire language
- He said that the LAD needs to be
activates with sufficient input before a
certain point in the child's development
- STRENGTHS
- The existence of
grammar universals
- Children of all
cultures pass through
similar stages when
acquiring language
- Childen can understand and
use new sentences and
constructions with no prior
experience of them
- They make up words and
make virtuous errors (ERRORS
BASED ON UNDERSTANDING
RULES OF GRAMMAR)
- Scientists have discovered
specific areas of the brain that
control language
- The existence of
grammar universals
- WEAKNESSES
- Under-estimates the
importance of social
interaction
- Under-estimates the
importance of social
interaction
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