Motor Control Theories

1. theory provides support for instruction and teaching

1. Open

   Annotations:

   • a control system in which all the info needed to initiate and carry out an action as planned is contained in the initial settings.
   • central nervous system is example. control center is brain.
   1. rocket
   2. soccer kick
   3. football pass
2. Closed

   Annotations:

   • a control system in which during the course of an action feedback is compared against a standard or reference to enable an action to be carried out as planned
   • peripheral nervous system is example...effectors/limbs
   1. thermastat
   2. riding a bicycle

1. Info Processing/ Motor Program-Based

   Annotations:

   • compute metaphor- receives & processes info
   • memory representation that stores info needed to perform an action
   • actions are hard-wired
2. Dynamic Systems Theory

   Annotations:

   • Control of coordinated movement that emphasizes the role of info in the environment and the dynamic properties of the body and the limbs
   • movement patterns emerge as a function of individual, task, and environment

1. Invariant features
   1. sequence of actions
   2. relative timing
   3. relative force
2. Parameters
   1. muscle selection
   2. overall duration
   3. overall force
3. Schema
   1. rule that governs movement

1. Multi-discipline approach

   Annotations:

   • physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics
2. Motor Control

   Annotations:

   • information in the environment
   • dynamic properties of the body
3. Non-linear changes

   Annotations:

   • e.g. water boiling

Annotations:

• ability to change states or acquire a new structure/ pattern by itself

1. stability

   Annotations:

   • behavioral steady set of a system
2. attractors

   Annotations:

   • preferred behavioral states

1. Order parameter

   Annotations:

   • defines the overall behavior
2. Control parameter

   Annotations:

   • variables that change freely according to an action
3. Rate limiters

   Annotations:

   • control parameters limits or hinders performance

Annotations:

• collectives of muscles and joints that produce an action
• intrinsic structures (walking)
• developed through practice/ experience

1. attractor

   Annotations:

   • stable states
   • example: bench pressing with good form
2. control parameters

   Annotations:

   • the cause of the change
   • example: increasing weight
3. rate limiters

   Annotations:

   • the cause of the negative change
   • increasing weight beyond capability
4. phase shifts

   Annotations:

   • the change
   • example: too much weight can lead to change in correct form

1. Individual-environment system

   Annotations:

   • allows energy to pass through it
2. energy flow

   Annotations:

   • forms of energy- light, sound, electrical

Annotations:

• perception of information by what it offers, invites, or demands of an organism in terms of action
• step-on ability, step across ability, sit-on ability, reaching ability, pass-under, stand on ability of a slope