Racism is shown throughout the novel. White people are shown to be superior to black people. A black
man is instantly thought of as guilty when he is accused of a crime by an all white jury and white judge.
Morality And Ethics
Atticus thinks that everyone deserves a fair trial.
Maycomb thinks that only white people do. Scout
thinks that her father is right. Maycomb thinks
that her father is wrong
Poverty
Walter Cunningham has no lunch and when the teacher asks if he forgot it is shown that he is to
poor to have lunch and hiding this fact the teacher offers him money to buy lunch saying he can
pay her back tomorrow not knowing that he would not be able to. Walter also has hookworms
from walking bare foot because he cannot afford shoes and it is said that he has never seen three
quarters together at the same time.
Prejudice
Atticus's belief in treating and respecting everyone as an
individual is contrasted in To Kill a Mockingbird with a
number of other worldviews.
The Coexistence Of Good And Evil
The most important theme of
To Kill a Mockingbird is the
book’s exploration of the moral
nature of human beings—that
is, whether people are
essentially good or essentially
evil.
The novel approaches this question by dramatizing Scout and
Jem’s transition from a perspective of childhood innocence, in
which they assume that people are good because they have
never seen evil, to a more adult perspective, in which they have
confronted evil and must incorporate it into their understanding
of the world. As a result of this portrayal of the transition from
innocence to experience, one of the book’s important
subthemes involves the threat that hatred, prejudice, and
ignorance pose to the innocent: people such as Tom Robinson
and Boo Radley are not prepared for the evil that they
encounter, and, as a result, they are destroyed.
Growing Up
In the three years covered by To Kill a
Mockingbird, Scout and Jem grow up. At the start
of the book they are innocents, with an
uncomplicated sense of what's good (Atticus, the
people of Maycomb) and what's evil (Boo Radley).
By the end of the book, the children have lost
their innocence and gained a more complex
understanding of the world, in which bad and
good are present and visible in almost everyone.
As the children grow into the adult world, though, they
don't just accept what they see. They question what
doesn't make sense to them—prejudice, hatred, and
violence.
So while To Kill a Mockingbird shows three children as they
lose their innocence, it also uses their innocence to look
freshly at the world of Maycomb and criticize its flaws.