grammar level 5

1. future will

   Annotations:

   • form : sub + will + base form of verb i will go to London.
   1. uses:
      1. prediction

         Annotations:

         • i think it will rain.
      2. spontaneous descision

         Annotations:

         • We don't have much sugar , I will bring some.
      3. promises

         Annotations:

         • I promise you , I will call you when I reach home.
      4. offer & request

         Annotations:

         • Will you bring me some coffee.
      5. threat & warning

         Annotations:

         • I won't give you sweet.
2. future going to

   Annotations:

   • form:  sub+ be + going to + base verb they are going to travel.she is going to visit me.I am going to study English.
   • time expressions: tomorrow tonight next this month....
3. future progressive

   Annotations:

   • form : sub + will 
   •  form : sub + will be + ving  at 9 oclock tomorrow , he will be flying to London
4. future perfect simple

   Annotations:

   • form:  sub + will have + p.p. I will have gone before they visit him. they will have eaten by the time you arrive
   • time expressions: by the time / by then /  before
5. future perfect progressive

   Annotations:

   • form: sub + will have been + ving It focuses on the duration of the action.
   • time expressions: by / by the time / by then / before By midnight , we will have been flying for 7 hours.
6. time clauses

   Annotations:

   • as soon as / when / after / before until / by the time / as /while When I arrive , I will give you a call. Notice: time clause NEVER comes in future but  it is in the present tense the second part could be in the future

1. past simple

   Annotations:

   • form: sub+ past tense i went to the mall yesterday. time expression: ago / yesterday / last / in 1897....
2. past progressive

   Annotations:

   • form: sub + (was / were ) + ving they were playing tennis.
   • time clauses: when / as / while / as soon as I was watching TV ,when the phone rang. As /While they were playing tennis , Ali fell down. As soon as he arrived , he cooked dinner.
3. past perfect simple

   Annotations:

   • form: sub + had + p.p they had gone to the mall before she left.
4. past perfect progressive

   Annotations:

   • notice: always progressive focuses on the duration of the action
   • form: sub+ had been + ving i had been cleaning the room for five hours
   • time expressions: for / since / how long / by the time

1. present simple

   Annotations:

   • form: sub+ v(s) they go to school every day he often plays tennis  time expression: always / often / every
2. present progressive

   Annotations:

   •  be careful: stative verbs always in present simple they don't come in the progressive tense. 
   • form : sub + be + ving time expressions: now / this month..... these days.... next / tonight / tomorrow
3. present perfect simple

   Annotations:

   • form : sub+ has / have + p.p they have gone to the mall she has written the report
   • time expressions: already / just / before / after
4. present perfect progressive

   Annotations:

   • the main difference between the present perfect and the present perfect progressive is that the progressive focuses on the duration of the action while present perfect focuses on the result of the action
   • time expressions:  for / since / how long / all for example:we have been working all day.we have worked before we leave.

1. countable
   1. add (s) to plural
2. uncountables
   1. we don't add (s) there is no plural form

1. countable plural

   Annotations:

   • many: there are many students a few:  I need a few pens for the students few: there are few cars in the park some: there are some new cups any : there aren't any one. alot of / plenty of / lots of there are a lot of books on the desk.
2. uncountable nouns

   Annotations:

   • a little there is a little water  some  there is some juice in the cup. any i dont have any milk little : i have little rice much: there are much cream on the cake.

1. type 1

   Annotations:

   • if you study hard you will pass the exam. part 1 ( present simple) part2 (future)
2. type 2

   Annotations:

   • if she were you , she wouldn't come here. part1 ( past) part 2 (would)
3. zero

   Annotations:

   • if water reaches 100 degrees , it boils. part 1 ( present simple) part 2( present simple)

Annotations:

• the  (unique things ) a  ( to mention sth for the first time an ( before vowels)

Annotations:

• comparative + and + comparative: it is getting more and more higher. the +comparative , the + comparative:  the more you study the better you will do in the test.

1. full

   Annotations:

   • to + v too / enough to express purpose after certain verbs after certain adj after question words
2. bare

   Annotations:

   • base form of verb: after modals after (let / make) after ( would rather / had better
3. ing- form

   Annotations:

   • (v+ing) as subject after certain verbs after certain expressions

Annotations:

• could  must have to  had better  with their negative forms

Annotations:

• who (pple) which ( things / ideas / animals) where (places) when (time)