2680076
Description
Mind Map by shannon.bates, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by shannon.bates
over 9 years ago
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Heart disease
- Atheroma
- Begins as fatty streaks
which are deposits of
white blood cells that
have taken up low
density lipoproteins
- These streaks enlarge to form an irregular patch, or athermanous plaque
- Athermanous plaques are made up of
cholesterol, fibres and dead muscle
cells
- Athermanous plaques are made up of
cholesterol, fibres and dead muscle
cells
- These streaks enlarge to form an irregular patch, or athermanous plaque
- Begins as fatty streaks
which are deposits of
white blood cells that
have taken up low
density lipoproteins
- Thrombosis
- If an Atheroma breaks through the
endothelium of the blood vessel, it forms
a rough surface that interrupts the
otherwise smooth flow of blood
- This may cause a thrombus (blood clot), which will stop the flow of blood
- The region of tissue deprived of blood due to the thrombus
will not be able to respire as a result of no oxygen, glucose
and other nutrients being transported to the tissue
- The region of tissue deprived of blood due to the thrombus
will not be able to respire as a result of no oxygen, glucose
and other nutrients being transported to the tissue
- This may cause a thrombus (blood clot), which will stop the flow of blood
- If an Atheroma breaks through the
endothelium of the blood vessel, it forms
a rough surface that interrupts the
otherwise smooth flow of blood
- Aneurysm
- Atheromas that form thrombosis can
weaken artery wall, causing them to swell
to form a balloon like, blood filled structure
called an aneurysm
- Atheromas that form thrombosis can
weaken artery wall, causing them to swell
to form a balloon like, blood filled structure
called an aneurysm
- Myocardial infarction
- Occurs when the heart
stops beating,
otherwise known as a
heart attack
- Occurs when the heart
stops beating,
otherwise known as a
heart attack
- Smoking
- Carbon monoxide combines easily, but
irreversibly with haemoglobin, thus
reducing the oxygen carry capability of the
blood. In order to supply tissue with the
same amount of oxygen the heart must
work harder, thereby increasing blood
pressure
- Nicotine stimulates the
production of adrenalin
which will increase heart
rate and blood pressure
- Carbon monoxide combines easily, but
irreversibly with haemoglobin, thus
reducing the oxygen carry capability of the
blood. In order to supply tissue with the
same amount of oxygen the heart must
work harder, thereby increasing blood
pressure
- Blood pressure
- If the blood pressure in the arteries is high, the heart
must work harder to pump blood into them
- High blood pressure in the arteries
means there is more chance of an
aneurysm forming and bursting causing
a haemorrhage
- To resist the high pressure the walls of the arteries
tend to become thickened and may harden,
restricting blood flow
- To resist the high pressure the walls of the arteries
tend to become thickened and may harden,
restricting blood flow
- High blood pressure in the arteries
means there is more chance of an
aneurysm forming and bursting causing
a haemorrhage
- If the blood pressure in the arteries is high, the heart
must work harder to pump blood into them
- Blood choletserol
- High density lipoproteins remove cholesterol from tissue and
transport it to the liver for excretion
- They help protect arteries against heart disease
- They help protect arteries against heart disease
- Low density lipoproteins which transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissue, including the
artery walls, which they infiltrate, leading to the development of Atheroma and hence a heart attack
- High density lipoproteins remove cholesterol from tissue and
transport it to the liver for excretion
- Diet
- High levels of salt raise blood pressure
- High levels of saturated fat increase low density lipoprotein levels and hence blood cholesterol
concentration
- Foods that act as antioxidants, e.g. vitamin c, reduce the risk of heart disease, and so does
non-starch polysaccharide (dietary fibre)
- High levels of salt raise blood pressure
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